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Victor Gonzalez Marine Cotte Gilles Wallez Annelies vanLoon Wout deNolf Myriam Eveno Katrien Keune Petria Noble Joris Dik 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(17):5675-5678
Rembrandt (1606–1669) is renowned for his impasto technique, involving his use of lead white paint with outstanding rheological properties. This paint was obtained by combining lead white pigment (a mixture of cerussite PbCO3 and hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) with an organic binding medium, but the exact formulation used by Rembrandt remains a mystery. A powerful combination of high‐angle and high‐lateral resolution x‐ray diffraction was used to investigate several microscopic paint samples from four Rembrandt masterpieces. A rare lead compound, plumbonacrite (Pb5(CO3)3O(OH)2), was detected in areas of impasto. This can be considered a fingerprint of Rembrandt's recipe and is evidence of the use of an alkaline binding medium, which sheds a new light on Rembrandt's pictorial technique. 相似文献
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Dr. Victor Gonzalez Ida Fazlic Dr. Marine Cotte Dr. Frederik Vanmeert Arthur Gestels Steven De Meyer Fréderique Broers Dr. Joen Hermans Dr. Annelies van Loon Prof. Koen Janssens Petria Noble Prof. Katrien Keune 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(16):e202216478
The Night Watch, painted in 1642 and on view in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, is considered Rembrandt's most famous work. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping at multiple length scales revealed the unusual presence of lead(II) formate, Pb(HCOO)2, in several areas of the painting. Until now, this compound was never reported in historical oil paints. In order to get insights into this phenomenon, one possible chemical pathway was explored thanks to the preparation and micro-analysis of model oil paint media prepared by heating linseed oil and lead(II) oxide (PbO) drier as described in 17th century recipes. Synchrotron radiation based micro-XRPD (SR-μ-XRPD) and infrared microscopy were combined to identify and map at the micro-scale various neo-formed lead-based compounds in these model samples. Both lead(II) formate and lead(II) formate hydroxide Pb(HCOO)(OH) were detected and mapped, providing new clues regarding the reactivity of lead driers in oil matrices in historical paintings. 相似文献
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