Hydrothermal synthesis of FeS2 for lithium batteries

Nanocrystalline FeS₂ cathode material of lithium cell was synthesized from cheap materials of FeSO₄, Na₂S₂O₃, and sulfur by a hydrothermal process. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the obtained material was nano-sized, about 500 nm. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that the synthetic FeS₂ material had two phases of the crystalline structure, pyrite and marcasite. The phase of marcasite seems to have no negative effect on the electrochemical performance of the material. The synthetic FeS₂ showed a significant improvement of electrochemical performance for Li/FeS₂ cells.     

黄铁矿处理重金属废水的光谱表征

将反射光谱和吸收光谱用于黄铁矿处理酸性重金属废水的研究,探讨了黄铁矿的表面反应以及黄铁矿与重金属的相互作用。漫反射红外光谱分析证实,在处理废水过程中,黄铁矿中表面羟基与重金属离子发生反应;并通过考察黄铁矿中碳酸盐,合理解释了黄铁矿处理酸性重金属废水后的溶液自然均趋于中性(pH 7)的现象。可见区的反射光谱用于表征处理过程中的黄铁矿的颗粒及比表面变化,解释了黄铁矿在重复使用时其活性反而增强的原因。吸收光谱及XPS表征表明,黄铁矿处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,是一个由Cr(Ⅵ)到Cr3+再到Cr(OH)₃的吸附沉淀过程。     

黄铁矿在维持高放废物处置库近场还原性环境中的作用

研究了黄铁矿受60Coγ射线辐照后对地下水还原性环境的影响.辐照剂量率为200Gy·min-1,总吸收剂量为5×106Gy.通过分析辐照前后以及与地下水共同辐照后黄铁矿的结构和组成,发现60Co的γ射线可使地下水发生辐解反应,从而将黄铁矿氧化;但无论是直接辐照还是与地下水共同辐照,60Co的γ辐射均不改变黄铁矿的结构.黄铁矿可以消耗地下水辐解产生的氧化性产物,有利于维持处置库近场的还原性环境,提高处置库的安全性.     

天然黄铁矿光吸收特征

以天然黄铁矿为样本,用Cary 500型紫外可见近红外分光光度计在200～2 000 nm范围内测出了样品的吸收谱和反射谱,计算出了吸收系数,并根据Tauc规则算出了样品的禁带宽度.结果表明:所测天然黄铁矿光吸收系数在105数量级;在吸收图谱中出现了明显的肩行结构,可以判断样品属于间接禁带半导体,其禁带宽度为0.64 ...     

Mechanism of interaction of pyrite with hematite as simulation of slagging and fireside tube wastage in coal combustion

Iron-bearing minerals have been recognised as a mayor source of fire-side wall slagging in pulverised fuel boilers, which not only reduces the thermal efficiency of heat transfer of the exchangers surface, but also affects its integrity as a result of corrosion and erosion. Nevertheless, the root cause of adhesion and growing of deposits has not been clearly addressed. Our approach suggests that differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with simultaneous thermogravimetry can follow the chemical reaction between pyrite and the outer layer of iron oxide on tubewalls. The changes in composition are followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the mechanism of wetting and adherence of molten pyrite over iron oxides is chemically induced: both di and mono iron sulphides interact with the oxide layer, changing the oxidation state of iron in oxide scale, from hematite to magnetite. This would imply a change in the protective ability of the scale as well as a great increment in corrosion tendency.     

Interaction of H2S with α-Fe2O3(0 0 0 1) surface

The atomic-scale structural changes in an α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite) (0 0 0 1) surface induced by sulfidation and subsequent oxidation processes were studied by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, LEED, and X-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements. Annealing the α-Fe₂O₃(0 0 0 1) with a H₂S partial pressure of 1 × 10⁻⁷ Torr produced iron sulfides on the surface as the sulfur atoms reacted with the substrate Fe ions. The oxidation state of the substrate Fe changed from 3+ to 2+ as a result of the sulfidation. The XSW measured distance of the sulfur atomic-layer from the unrelaxed substrate oxygen layer was 3.16 Å. The sulfide phase consisted of three surface domains identified by LEED. Formation of the two-dimensional FeS₂ phase with structural parameters consistent with an outermost layer of (1 1 1) pyrite has been proposed. Atomic oxygen exposure oxidized the surface sulfide to a sulfate () and regenerated the α-Fe₂O₃(0 0 0 1) substrate, which was indicated by a (1 × 1) LEED pattern and the re-oxidization of Fe to 3+.     

Comprehensive evolution mechanism of SOx formation during pyrite oxidation

Pyrite (FeS₂) oxidation during coal combustion is one of the main sources of harmful SO₂ emission from coal-fired power plants. Density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to uncover the evolution mechanism of SO_x formation during pyrite oxidation. The results show that chemisorption mechanism is responsible for O₂, SO₂ and SO₃ adsorption on FeS₂ surface. The presence of formed oxidation layer (Fe₂O₃) weakens the interaction between O₂ molecule and FeS₂ surface. The adsorbed O₂ molecule easily dissociates into active surface O atom for SO_x formation. The dissociation reaction of O₂ is activated by 77.38?kJ/mol, and exothermic by 138.46?kJ/mol. Compared to the further oxidation of SO₂ into SO₃, SO₂ prefers to desorb from FeS₂ surface. The dominant reaction pathway of SO₂ formation from the oxidation of the outermost FeS₂ surface layer is a three-step process: surface lattice S oxidation, SO₂ desorption and replenishment of S vacancy by activated surface O atom. The elementary reaction of surface lattice S oxidation has an activation energy barrier of 197.96?kJ/mol, and is identified as the rate-limiting step. SO₂ formation from the further oxidation of bulk FeS₂ layer is controlled by a four-step process: bulk lattice S migration, lattice S oxidation, SO₂ desorption and surface O atom deposition. Migration of lattice S from bulk position to the outermost surface shows a high activation energy barrier of 175.83?kJ/mol. The deposition process of surface O atom is a relatively easy step, and is activated by 21.05?kJ/mol.     

硫化物中微量金的X射线能谱分析

介绍了一种用加热去硫来制备硫化物能谱试样的方法;将黄铁矿在400-500℃下加热3-10min制备成X射线能谱试样,可以保持试样的原始结构,提高硫化物中包体金的X射线能谱峰背比,了解矿物之间的共生关系;并对黄铁矿中微量的包体金作了X射线能谱半定量分析;该法简便、有效。     

基于XPS对硫铁矿去除SeO2-3的机理研究

硒是动植物及人体生长必需的十五种微量元素之一,具有清除体内自由基、抗氧化、增强免疫力等功能,但其安全剂量的范围却很窄。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对湿法球磨制备的硫铁矿形貌进行了表征。SEM观测发现加乙醇助磨后的硫铁矿为粒径大小较均匀的球形颗粒团聚体,粒径范围在17～200 nm之间,平均粒径138 nm。XRD衍射图谱中的特征峰与FeS₂衍射图谱中各峰位置基本一致,因此判定硫铁矿中主要化学组分为FeS₂,且图谱中基本没有杂峰,表明制备过程中并未混入杂质,样品纯度较高。实验结果表明,该法制备的硫铁矿具有颗粒粒径小、比表面积大、反应活性高等优点。研究中利用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对硫铁矿去除水体中SeO2-₃的机理进行了研究。研究结果表明, （1）在较为广泛的实验pH范围（pH 2.2～11.5）,硫铁矿均能有效去除水体中SeO2-₃,去除效率（除pH值7.8以外）均达到90%以上;（2）硫铁矿与SeO2-₃发生反应后,其主要组成元素的XPS特征峰结合能有所减小,表明硫铁矿表面发生了一定化学变化;（3）酸碱环境下硫铁矿去除SeO2-₃的机理不完全相同,酸性环境下,硫铁矿对SeO2-₃的去除是单纯的氧化还原过程,即硫铁矿中被酸活化的S2-₂将SeO2-₃还原为单质Se(0),并且酸性越强,SeO2-₃去除效果越好;碱性环境下,SeO2-₃的去除过程中氧化还原与络合反应并存,硫铁矿表面有络合态Fe(OH)SeO₃和单质Se(0)两种存在形态,且碱性越强,络合态Fe(OH)SeO₃含量越高。以上研究结果为硫铁矿去除固定水体和土壤中以SeO2-₃为代表的可变价金属阴离子提供重要理论依据和应用基础。     

黄铁矿的电化学研究

黄铁矿的化学式为FeS_2,Fe~(2+)-S_2~(2-)以离子键为主,也有一定的金属键成份,具有良好的导电性。黄铁矿的结构不算复杂,但它的电极反应很复杂,文献中有不同的看法。如认为阳极反应生成Fe~(3+)和SO_4~(2-),没有Fe~(2+)和S°,也有的认为阳极氧化产物是Fe~(2+)、S°及少量HSO_4~-,HSO_4~-是通过硫的纯化学氧化所得。至于反应机理就更难以取得一致的意见。本文在总结阳极与阴极过程实验事实的基础上,报告黄铁矿第一步阳极反应与阴极反应的动力学参数并探讨电极反应的历程。