Modular Synthetic Approach to Carboranyl‒Biomolecules Conjugates

The development of novel, tumor-selective and boron-rich compounds as potential agents for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) represents a very important field in cancer treatment by radiation therapy. Here, we report the design and synthesis of two promising compounds that combine meta-carborane, a water-soluble monosaccharide and a linking unit, namely glycine or ethylenediamine, for facile coupling with various tumor-selective biomolecules bearing a free amino or carboxylic acid group. In this work, coupling experiments with two selected biomolecules, a coumarin derivative and folic acid, were included. The task of every component in this approach was carefully chosen: the carborane moiety supplies ten boron atoms, which is a tenfold increase in boron content compared to the l-boronophenylalanine (l-BPA) presently used in BNCT; the sugar moiety compensates for the hydrophobic character of the carborane; the linking unit, depending on the chosen biomolecule, acts as the connection between the tumor-selective component and the boron-rich moiety; and the respective tumor-selective biomolecule provides the necessary selectivity. This approach makes it possible to develop a modular and feasible strategy for the synthesis of readily obtainable boron-rich agents with optimized properties for potential applications in BNCT.     

Congruence criteria for finite subsets of complex projective and complex hyperbolic spaces

We investigate congruence classes and direct congruence classes of m-tuples in the complex projective space ℂP ⁿ . For direct congruence one allows only isometries which are induced by linear (instead of semilinear) mappings. We establish a canonical bijection between the set of direct congruence classes of m-tuples of points in ℂP ⁿ and the set of equivalence classes of positive semidefinite Hermitean m×m-matrices of rank at most n+1 with 1's on the diagonal. As a corollary we get that the direct congruence class of an m-tuple is uniquely determined by the direct congruence classes of all of its triangles, provided that no pair of points of the m-tuple has distance π/2. Examples show that the situation changes drastically if one replaces direct congruence classes by congruence classes or if distances π/2 are allowed. Finally we do the same kind of investigation also for the complex hyperbolic space ℂH ⁿ . Most of the results are completely analogous, however, there are also some interesting differences. Received: 15 January 1996     

Cleaving functors and controlled wild algebras

We show that the cleaving functors introduced in [Bautista et al., Invent. Math. 81 (1985) 217] as a tool for proving infinite representation type of finite-dimensional algebras can also be used to establish controlled wildness. The main application is that an algebra is controlled wild if there is an indecomposable projective module with a Loewy factor having a homogeneous direct summand which is of length at least 3. As a second application we derive Han's covering criterion.     

On Some Integral Equations in Hilbert Space with an Application to the Theory of Elasticity

A Volterra type integral equation in a Hilbert space with an additional linear operator L and a spectral parameter depending on time is considered. If the parameter does not belong to the spectrum of L unconditional solvability of the considered problem is proved. In the case where the initial value of the parameter coincides with some isolated point of the spectrum of the operator L sufficient conditions for solvability are established. The obtained results are applied to the partial integral equations associated with a contact problem of the theory of elasticity.     

Commutant Lifting Theorem for the Bergman Space

The central question of this paper is the one of finding the right analogue of the Commutant Lifting Theorem for the Bergman space L_a². We also analyze the analogous problem for weighted Bergman spaces L_a,α², − 1 < α < ∞.     

Syntactic characterization of closure under connected limits

Summary We give a syntactic characterization of (finitary) theories whose categories of models are closed under the formation of connected limits (respectively the formation of pullbacks and substructures) in the category of all structures. They are also those theories whose consistent extensions by new atomic facts admit in each component an initial structure (respectively an initial term structure), and also thoseT for whichM(T) is locally finitely multi-presentable in a canonical way. We also show that these two properties of theories are nonuniform.     

Spatial design matrices and associated quadratic forms: structure and properties

The paper provides significant simplifications and extensions of results obtained by Gorsich, Genton, and Strang (J. Multivariate Anal. 80 (2002) 138) on the structure of spatial design matrices. These are the matrices implicitly defined by quadratic forms that arise naturally in modelling intrinsically stationary and isotropic spatial processes. We give concise structural formulae for these matrices, and simple generating functions for them. The generating functions provide formulae for the cumulants of the quadratic forms of interest when the process is Gaussian, second-order stationary and isotropic. We use these to study the statistical properties of the associated quadratic forms, in particular those of the classical variogram estimator, under several assumptions about the actual variogram.     

On modular inequalities in variable L p spaces

We show that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator and a class of Calderón-Zygmund singular integrals satisfy the strong type modular inequality in variable L^p spaces if and only if the variable exponent p(x) ∼ const. Received: 15 September 2004