镧、铈及重金属元素铬、锌对竹叶眼子菜的毒害作用

研究了镧、铈及重金属元素铬、锌对高等沉水植物竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus Miq.)的毒害作用. 结果表明, La3 , Ce3 , Zn2 在低浓度范围内, 均能诱导叶绿素、蛋白质合成, 但浓度过高时却对叶绿素、蛋白质起破坏作用;而Cr6 处理却使上述两指标随其浓度的升高逐渐降低. 4种离子对竹叶眼子菜的保护酶系统存在不同的影响, 低浓度条件下, 诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高, 当污染加重时, 这两种酶的活性却随处理浓度的升高逐渐下降; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化与CAT、 POD相反, 它在低处理浓度情况下酶活下降, 随处理浓度的加大酶活诱导上升, 其活性变化趋势与·O-2 产生速率正好相反. 随4种离子处理浓度增高, MDA含量呈升高趋势, 并与4种离子的处理浓度之间皆呈极显著正相关. 4种离子的毒性强度依次为Cr6 >Ce3 >Zn2 >La3 . Cr6 对竹叶眼子菜的致死浓度为0.5～1 mg·L-1, Ce3 , Zn2 为3～5 mg·L-1 , La3 为7～10 mg·L-1. 镧、铈同重金属元素铬、锌对竹叶眼子菜的毒害机制相似.     

微波消解-原子吸收法分析并比较四种贝母中的微量元素

利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)及石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GFAAS)测定了浙贝、象贝、东贝、川贝4种贝母中15种微量元素的含量。同时考察了不同微波消解条件对分析结果的影响, 确定了原子吸收分光光度法测定的最佳条件,并且以微量元素含量作为指标对其进行了主成分分析。实验结果表明, 微波消解法操作简便、快速、样品消解完全, 空白值低, 选择性好, 方法相对标准偏差小于3.96%,回收率在91.0%～108.7%。主成分分析法在反映不同样品微量元素含量的差异程度上具有应用价值。     

Structural elucidation of daphniacetal A, a new oxa-cage compound isolated from Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.

A new oxa-cage natural product daphniacetal A (1) was isolated from Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Its structure and relative configuration were established based on spectroscopic data and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. Compound 1 was also synthesized for determination of its absolute configuration and evaluation of antioxidant effects.     

Purification and determination of stachyose in Chinese artichoke (Stachys Sieboldii Miq.) by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was applied for simultaneous determination of stachyose, sucrose and raffinose in Chinese artichoke (Stachys Sieboldii Miq.). Carbohydrates were separated on a Bondapak NH₂ column using a ternary solvent mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-water (55:25:20, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Two different crafts (method 1 and method 2) for extraction and purification of stachyose in Chinese artichoke tubers were detailed and evaluated. Method 1 can meet the purpose of quantification and method 2 is appropriate for the purpose of purification. The content of stachyose in dry tubers was determined to be 236.0 mg/g (from method 1) and the purity of the extracted stachyose flour was calculated to be 87.34% (from method 2), respectively. The analytical method fulfills all the standard requirements of linearity, accuracy and precision. Therefore, it is suitable for purification and routine quantification of stachyose in Chinese artichoke.     

气相色谱-质谱法检测益智药材中16种多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定益智药材中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法.最佳萃取条件为:取样品2.0 g,加入同位素内标后用无水乙醇、水混合溶解,以10 mL正己烷提取;提取液先过Flo-risil柱固相萃取,经氢氧化钾-乙醇溶液皂化,多环芳烃分子印迹柱固相萃取后,以5 mL二氯甲烷-正己烷(1 ∶ 1,体...     

Fingerprint chromatogram analysis of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax root by high performance liquid chromatography

A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the fingerprinting of extracts from the root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. HPLC with gradient elution was performed on an authentic reference standard of powdered P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax root and 11 plant samples of the root were collected from different geographic locations. The HPLC chromatograms have been standardized through the selection and identification of reference peaks and the normalization of retention times and peak intensities of all the common peaks. The standardized HPLC fingerprints show high stability and reproducibility, and thus can be used effectively for the screening analysis or quality assessment of the root or its derived products. Similarity index calculations based on cosine angle values or correlation methods have been performed on the HPLC fingerprints. As a group, the fingerprints of the P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax samples studied are highly correlated with closely similar fingerprints. Within the group, the samples can be further divided into subgroups based on hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Sample grouping based on HCA coincides nicely with those based on the geographical origins of the samples. The HPLC fingerprinting techniques thus have high potential in authentication or source-tracing types of applications.     

Analysis of Cyclic Peptides in Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax by HPLC–APCI–MS

A new method for the analysis of cyclic peptides (Pseudostellarins) in traditional Chinese medicine, Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax, was established by high performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC–APCI–MS). The real samples were separated by a reversed-phase C₁₈ column using a binary eluent under gradient conditions. Six cyclic peptides were isolated and detected with a DAD detector. The Pseudostellarins components were identified by APCI–MS in a negative mode. In the negative ion APCI mode, the best sensitivity and the lowest detection limit for Pseudostellarins were obtained by using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and pure water. The APCI spectra were characterized by [M-H]⁻ peak. The parent ions [M-H]⁻ with highest intensity was used for quantification of one cyclic peptide-Pseudostellarin B.     

益智红外指纹图谱的研究

益智产区的鉴别对于药材市场的质量控制以及提高药材的质量显得极为重要。益智为我国四大南药之一, 主要药效成分是诺卡酮和益智酮。红外指纹图谱用于中药质量控制研究有着良好的发展前景,借助红外光谱的指纹特性,以八种益智精油红外指纹图谱的共有峰率和变异峰率为指标,计算了样品相对于该标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率, 并按照共有峰率、变异峰率的大小建立了不同的序列。结果表明：广东、广西和海南的益智油红外图谱比较吻合,但也存在一定的差异。益智油的红外图谱特征峰为1 710和1 666 cm-1 ,广东和海南的益智油的红外指纹图谱(400～4 000 cm-1)共有峰率为62%,广西和海南的共有峰率为52%,海南的益智油共有峰率为66%～84%。从多维共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法可以对不同产地具有准确、精细且非常直观的鉴别能力, 该方法可以准确地区别不同产地的益智。     

生物吸附剂菹草干粉对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

开发了高效去除重金属Cr(Ⅵ)污染的生物吸附剂,菹草(Potamogeton crispus)干粉吸附剂,通过单因素分析考察了吸附时间、吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度以及离子强度等对重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。 结果表明,对吸附效果影响显著的因素有Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值和离子强度;其吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程,相关系数为0.9998;菹草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定太子参中的环肽 Pseudostellarin B

建立了一种用于分析太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B的高效液相色谱法. 该方法采用反相C18柱: 流动相A为水, 流动相B为乙腈, 梯度洗脱, 流速为 1.0 mL/min, 紫外检测波长为 203 nm, 柱温为 30 ℃, 外标法定量. 结果表明, 在0.5～20 μg范围内标准曲线有良好的线性关系 (r=0.9995), 加标回收率为96.7%～104.5%, 方法的精密度良好(平均RSD＜0.5%). 该方法可用于实际样品的测定.