电镀污水净化新工艺--电浮选方法简介

综述了电浮选方法处理电镀污水的基本原理和提高电浮选净水技术的途径。重点介绍了俄罗斯门捷列夫化工大学的电浮选两种新工艺方法。     

寡头垄断市场排污收费的政府调控模型

基于完全信息博弈理论,阐述了寡头垄断市场的排污收费古诺模型.建立了具有政府宏观调控机制的博弈模型,并对调控效果进行了分析.     

Enhanced electrodeposition of indium hexacyanoferrate thin films through improved plating solution stability

An ordinary plating solution for indium hexacyanoferrate (InHCF) thin film deposition, mainly composed of equal concentrations of In³⁺ and [Fe(CN)₆]^3–, usually forms precipitates rapidly when either concentration is higher than few millimolar. This contributes to the plating solution's instability. Moreover, electrodeposited capacities are limited accordingly. In this work, the plating solution's stability and the electrodeposition of InHCF were greatly enhanced by adding a large amount of K⁺ and/or H⁺. It was found that a 10-mM plating solution added with 1 M HCl and 1 M KCl could be stored as fresh over a one-week period, whereas an unmodified plating solution became useless within a couple of minutes. Also, such cationic additions, especially adding H⁺, increased the electrodeposited capacity ca. 18 times at least, as compared with that obtained from the unmodified plating solution. Furthermore, related enhancing mechanisms were proposed and verified. To sum up, this study offers a means for better InHCF electrodeposition and should promote the applications of InHCF films. Electronic Publication     

JEE—4x型真空镀膜仪功能扩展

报道了对ＪＥＥ－４ｘ型真空镀膜仪蒸发装置的改进以及建立蒸发材料回收装置的具体方法，并介绍了改进后该仪器在高分辨扫描电镜样品制备上的应用实例．实验证明，上述改进不但扩展了ＪＥＥ—４ｘ型真空镀膜仪的制样功能又节省了蒸发材料，集中了离子溅射法及常规高真空镀膜法的优点，完全满足ＳＥＭ样品的分析要求，该方法简单易操作．     

Quantitative analysis of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and 3-cyanopyridine in industrial effluent by high performance liquid chromatography

A rapid and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of heterocyclic compounds, namely nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and 3-cyanopyridine, in industrial effluent is described. A Φ4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm C-18 reversed phase stationery phase, and a methanol-acetonitrile-water tertiary mobile phase (20:20:60 v/v) were used for separation. The detection wavelength of a diode array (DAD) was set at 216 nm with a bandwidth of 16 nm. Phenol was used as an internal standard. The regression equations revealed a linear relationship between the concentration of the analytes injected and the peak area detected by DAD. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) ranged from 0.70 to 1.18 mg L⁻¹, the recoveries ranged from 87% to 102% and the precision expressed as % RSD intra-day and inter-day varied from 0.9 to 3.9 and 1.2 to 5.6, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the monitoring of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and 3-cyanopyridine in effluent of related pharmaceutical manufacturing plants.     

Continuous chemiluminescence determination of formaldehyde in air based on Trautz-Schorigin reaction

A new continuous method for the determination of formaldehyde in air is described. A cylindrical wet effluent diffusion denuder is used for the collection of formaldehyde from air into a thin film of absorption liquid (distilled-deionized water). Formaldehyde in the denuder concentrate is on-line detected employing a chemiluminescence flow method based on a reaction of formaldehyde and gallic acid with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline solution. The collection efficiency of formaldehyde is quantitative at the air flow rate of 0.5 L min⁻¹ (absorption liquid flow rate of 336 μL min⁻¹). The limit of detection (S/N = 3) is 0.60 μg m⁻³ HCHO (0.49 ppb). The calibration graph is linear up to 300 μg m⁻³ HCHO (244 ppb). The relative standard deviations of chemiluminescence method for 1 × 10⁻⁶ and 5 × 10⁻⁶ M HCHO are 2.87% and 1.49%, respectively. Acetaldehyde interferes negligible, other compounds do not interfere. The method was employed for formaldehyde measurement in ambient air. The comparison measurement illustrates the good agreement of results obtained by proposed method with those obtained by reference fluorimetric method.     

化学镀钴基合金镀液中钴的快速测定

研究了采用显色剂 苦胺酸偶氮变色酸对化学镀钴基合金镀液中钴含量进行测定的试验条件,在pH11的氨 氯化铵缓冲溶液中,钴与显色剂配合物的最大吸收峰在650nm波长处,钴(Ⅱ)在0～60μg/25ml范围内服从比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.1×104L·mol-1·cm-1。该法测定钴的选择性好,在大量镍存在下,也能准确测定,对镀液样品进行了测定,相对标准偏差小于1%,结果满意。     

Development of a laccase-based flow injection electrochemical biosensor for the determination of phenolic compounds and its application for monitoring remediation of Kraft E1 paper mill effluent

This paper describes the development of a new system for amperometric determination of phenolic compounds, and its application for monitoring these compounds in paper mill effluent. The method was based on a flow system, a dialysis sampler, and a laccase-based biosensor. The performance of this system was investigated with respect to pH, ionic strength, working potential, and flow-rate dependence. The biosensor showed an excellent long-term stability allowing measurements for over than 3 months. The sensitivity of laccase-based biosensor was tested for phenol, p-chlorophenol, guaiacol and chloroguaiacol; the detector presented selective measurements of micromolar concentration of these compounds. The integration of a dialysis membrane sampling in the system protected the biosensor surface from fouling and gave independence of sample conditions that commonly influence the biosensor performance. These favorable characteristics allowed its application for direct measurements in complex media with no sample pretreatment. This ability was confirmed employing this system in a continuous analysis of phenolic compounds during the remediation of paper mill effluent by ozonization process.     

小麦秸秆发酵产生的真菌Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02锰过氧化物酶的溶胶-凝胶固定化及其催化污水脱色(英文)

Solid state bio-processing of wheat straw was carried out through an indigenous fungal strain Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 under pre-optimized fermentation conditions. The maximum activity, 692±12 U/mL, of the industrially important manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme was recorded after five days of still culture incubation. The crude MnP was 2.1-fold purified with a specific activity of 860 U/mg after purification on a Sephadex-G-100 gel column. On native and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gels, the purified MnP fraction was a single homogenous band of 45 kDa. An active fraction of MnP was immobilized using hydrophobic sol-gel entrapment comprising tetramethoxysilane (T) and propyltrimethoxysilane (P) at different T:P molar ratios. Characterization revealed that after 24 h incubation at varying pH and temperatures, the MnP fraction immobilized at a T:P ratio of 1:2 in the sol-gel retained 82% and 75% of its original activity at pH4 and 70 ℃, respectively. The optimally active fraction at a 1:2 T:P ratio was tested against MnSO4 as a substrate to determine the kinetic catalytic constants KM and Vmax . To explore the industrial applicability of P. ostreatus IBL-02 MnP, both the free and immobilized MnP were used for the decolorization of four different textile industrial effluents. A maximum of 100% decolorization was achieved for the different textile effluents within the shortest time period. A lower KM , higher Vmax , hyper-activation, and enhanced acidic and thermal resistance up to 70 ℃ were the novel catalytic features of the sol-gel immobilized MnP, suggesting that it may be a potential candidate for biotechnological applications particularly for textile bioremediation purposes.     

Increased Flexibility in Multicolumn Chromatography (MC[sbnd]HPLC) via On-line Effluent Mixing Technique

Abstract

In continuation of our work dealing with multicolumn HPLC (MC[sbnd]HPLC) we describe in this paper an on-line on-column fraction trapping technique based on effluent mixing.

To a normal two-column switching set-up (in this case with two RP columns) an additional high-pressure pump gets inserted into the connection line between column A and column B via a low dead volume mixing tee. The in-line respectively off-line switching of pump B and the mobile phase B is time controlled by using a high pressure switching valve. With this set-up it is possible to mix on-line an effluent fraction from column A and transferred onto column B with a highly polar and pH-controlled (e.g. aqueous buffer) new effluent, to reduce or adjust significantly the overall elution strength of this mixed transferred solvent. Thus, several chromatographically effective possibilities can be created in a simple manner, which are for example: (a) pronounced peak compression respectively on-column concentration on column B; (b) due to low elution strength and/or pH adjustment during the trapping period on column B, increments to the overall selectivity of the column switching set-up can be added creating multidimensionality via mobile phase switching; (c) combining the heart cut with the effluent mixing technique enables analysis of trace peaks eluted on the back flank of an overloaded main peak.