木质素在塑料中的应用

总结了国内外近10年来木质素在塑料中的应用进展，重点对木质素在PVC、PP、PE、PF、PU等5个方面的研究成果进行了系统阐述，并对该技术的发展方向进行了分析预测。     

Sequential optimisation of the separation of a complex mixture of plastics additives by HPLC with a quaternary gradient and a dual detection system

Summary The separation of two families of plastics additives (phenolic antioxidants and UV absorbers) has been achieved by high performance liquid chromatography with a quaternary gradient. A methodology of separation based on a sequential optimization is described. After a preliminary study of the effects of solvents on retention of compounds, the mobile phase is first chosen for each class of additives (Irganox and Tinuvin), then for the mixture of all the compounds and the separation is finally optimized. The importance of the column phase ratio is also reported. The use of two detectors, UV absorbance and light-scattering, enables all the compounds to be detected. The performance of the detectors has been compared and the effects of the nebulization temperature on the detection of low molecular mass compounds is reported.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定塑料原料中14种催化剂残留元素

采用微波消解法预处理聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)常用塑料原料,使用压力控制装置对消解过程进行监控并对消解条件进行摸索,考察了消解量、消解体系、消解温度和保持时间对消解结果的影响,优化选择了电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)的测定参数和内标元素。建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定塑料原料中Li、Ca、Mg、Al、Si、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Zn、Ga、Zr、Sb、Hf 14种元素的催化剂残留的检测方法。方法检出限在0.001～10.60μg/L,回收率在82%～120%之间,相对标准偏差小于20%。     

Testing the accuracy of employee-reported data: An inexpensive alternative approach to traditional methods

Although Information Technology (IT) solutions improve the collection and validation of operational data, Operations Managers must often rely on self-reported data from workers to make decisions. The problem with this data is that they are subject to intentional manipulation, thus reducing their suitability for decision-making. A method of identifying manipulated data, digital analysis, addresses this problem at low cost. In this paper, we demonstrate how one uses this method in real-world companies to validate self-reported data from line workers. The results of our study suggest that digital analysis estimates the accuracy of employee reported data in operations management, within limited contexts. These findings lead to improved operating performance by providing a tool for practitioners to exclude inaccurate information.     

Integrated Fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS for selecting the best plastic recycling method: A case study

Due to the rapid depletion of natural resources and undesired environmental changes in a global scale, it is necessary to conserve the natural resources and protect the environment. Industries which manufacture plastic based products have the necessity to recycle plastics. There are number of methods to recycle plastics. Since the selection of the best recycling method involves complex decision variables, it is considered to be a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This article develops an evaluation model based on the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to enable the industry practitioners to perform performance evaluation in a fuzzy environment. The purpose of the study is to determine the best method for recycling plastics among the various plastic recycling processes. By observing the results, it is identified that mechanical recycling process is found to be the best plastic recycling process using the integrated approach.     

橡胶增韧塑料机理的探讨

本实验采用透射电镜及新的ＲｕＯ_４染色方法，观察研究了ＰＣ／ＰＢＴ，ＰＣ／ＭＢＳ／ＰＳ共混体系和ＡＡＳ共聚共混物的银纹结构形态。结果表明：不同聚合物体系银纹产生的数量，银纹的发展、终止及支化各不相同。这时研究塑料增韧机理很有意义。     

A finite element model for the fire-performance of GRP panels including variable thermal properties

A finite element study is conducted to determine the thermal response of a widely used glass reinforced plastic panel exposed to fire. This study is performed based on a formulation developed previously by the authors and improved by including the moisture and temperature-dependent thermal properties and a newly developed time-dependent non-linear mixed boundary condition at the unexposed surface of the panel. In addition, the influence of non-zero final resin mass is considered according to a recently performed thermal gravimetric analysis. In order to derive the appropriate element equations, a mixed explicit–implicit Bubnov–Galerkin finite element approach is adopted. Results of this study are presented for a standard, 10.9 mm, thickness of single-skinned polyester-based glass reinforced plastic panel and comprise temperature profiles, density distributions and moisture profiles. Comparisons are made between the predicted results and those obtained experimentally. The predicted temperatures agreed with the experimental results with an average difference of 21.41°C. A simple comparison of the present value with that of the authors’ previous model, 29.66°C, indicates a considerable improvement of 38.53% in the fire-performance prediction of the material.     

基于碳纤维复合材料的月基极紫外相机照准架结构设计

为了减少月基极紫外相机的质量并保证相机的二维转动机构在卫星发射、地月变轨及月表着陆过程中受到大量级振动冲击以及月表超大温差环境下能正常工作,设计并研制了基于碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）的照准架结构。首先,设计了基于金属材料和CFRP的不同照准架结构,通过有限元法对不同材料的照准架进行分析对比,证明了CFRP照准架的优越性。温度和力学验证试验表明：基于CFRP的照准架质量小于其它材料的照准架,其刚度和热稳定性能满足极紫外相机环境适应性的要求。     

Flash pyrolysis of polystyrene wastes in a free-fall reactor under vacuum

Plastic waste minimization and recycling are important for both economical and environmental reasons. In this flash pyrolysis study, polystyrene wastes were degraded in a free-fall reactor under vacuum to regain the monomer. A set of experiments varied the temperature between 700 and 875°C and determined its effects on the phase yields, the benzene, styrene, toluene, and naphthalene distribution of the liquid output and C1–C4 content of the gaseous output. The liquid yield maximized around 750°C and the styrene yield at 825°C. In general, operating at higher temperatures lessened the solid residue and increased the gaseous yield and total conversion. Employing waste particles in four size ranges, a second set of runs indicated that the finer the waste particles fed the higher the gaseous yield and total conversion. This recycling method can be made more promising if the feed particles are allowed more time for degradation and the removal of the primary products speeded up thereby preventing their decomposition. Ways are suggested to obviate these residence time problems.     

高灵敏度化学光谱法测定金、铂和钯

三正辛胺负载泡塑对贵金属有极强的吸附能力。本文通过对三正辛胺负载泡塑对金、铂、钯吸附性能的研究，以及NO3^-和Fe^3 离子干扰的消除，拟定了金、铂、钯的快速、简便、富集系数高的三正辛胺负载泡塑分离法，一次摄谱的测定范围（10g样品）为：Au0.1-5000ng/g；Pt0.2-5000ng/g；Pd0.1-1000ng/g。