A New Anthraquinone from Clinopodium polycephalum Glyceroyl-1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene Carboxylate

ClnOPodiumpoIycePhalum(VantjCYWhetHsuancalled'DuanXielin'inChineseisusedinfolkmedicineforthetreatInentofhaemorrhagiadisease.lInordertofmdtheactivecomPounds,studiesonthechedricalconstituentsofthewholeplan,collectedatHuoShanofAnhuiprovince,werecarriedout.Fromthealcoholicextracts,wehaveisolatedanewanthraquinone,Glyceroyl-l,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-9)lO-dioxo-2-anthrcenecarboxylateI(Figurel).Iwasobtainedasredneedles,mP:ll9-l2l"C.TheHR-MSdareaffordedthefor-mulaasCl9Hl6O9(Found388.O791;…     

Pattern dynamics in cellular perception

By using a giant amoeboid cell of the Physarum plasmodium, changes in the intracellular distribution of chemical components are studied in relation to information processing in cell behavior. Various kinds of metabolites oscillate, and so the protoplasm should be a collection of chemical oscillators. Spatially, characteristic chemical patterns are self-organized for different cell shapes, and hence cell behavior. New phase waves propagate throughout the cell upon local stimulation, their direction being opposite for attraction and repulsion. Locomotion is inhibited when the coherence of the oscillators breaks. Thus, pattern dynamics is correlated with information processing in the amoeboid cell.     

Physarigins A-C, three new yellow pigments from a cultured myxomycete Physarum rigidum

Physarigins A-C (1-3), three new pigments have been isolated from a cultured plasmodium of myxomycete Physarum rigidum and their structures were elucidated by spectral data.     

Melleumin A, a novel peptide lactone isolated from the cultured myxomycete Physarum melleum

Melleumin A (1), a novel peptide lactone, has been isolated from the laboratory-cultured plasmodium of myxomycete Physarum melleum, and its structure was elucidated by spectral data. Melleumin A (1) consisted of four residues (p-methoxybenzoic acid, l-threonine, glycine, and an unusual amino acid, a tyrosine-attached acetic acid).     

If BZ medium did spanning trees these would be the same trees as Physarum built

A sub-excitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium exhibits self-localized wave-fragments which may travel for relatively long time preserving their shape. Using Oregonator model of the BZ medium we imitate foraging behavior of a true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, on a nutrient-poor substrate. We show that given erosion post-processing operations the BZ medium can approximate a spanning tree of a planar set and thus is computationally equivalent to Physarum in the domain of proximity graph construction.     

多头绒泡菌(Physarum polycephalum)中期染色体结构的AFM成像研究

采用原子力显微镜术(AtomicForceMicroscopy,AFM)首次观察到了近自然状态下多头绒泡菌(Physarumpolycephalum)中期染色体的整体结构和表面细微结构.染色体整体结构成像显示其边缘轮廓清晰圆滑,具有明显的着丝点;染色体表面高分辨率成像发现,中期染色体是由约230nm的染色质纤维经螺旋且在底部回转180°形成,同时表面有3个层次有序折叠的染色质纤维同时存在,它们分别是:30～40nm,60～70nm,90～100nm.由高度图和侧向力成像图都可推测它们是螺旋结构.这些结果进一步证实了中期染色体包装的高度有序性,多层次结构是由螺旋方式形成,同时表明AFM是在近自然状态下研究生物大分子结构的强有力工具.     

Chemical diversity of the essential oils of twenty populations of Tanacetum polycephalum Sch. Bip. from Iran

Chemical diversity of the essential oils of twenty wild populations of Tanacetum polycephalum Sch. Bip., was investigated. The aerial parts of T. polycephalum were collected at full flowering stage from West Azerbaijan Province of Iran, air-dried; hydrodistilled to produce essential oils. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of forty compounds were identified accounting for 96.4–99.9% of the total oils. The most principal compounds were cis-thujone (0–82.3%), trans-thujone (0–79.8%), camphor (1.3–75.0%), 1,8-cineole (4.5–43.3%), borneol (1.0–36.2%) and bornyl acetate (0–26.8%). Hierarchical cluster analysis based on the percentages (>0.5%) of the essential oils components was carried out to determine the chemical diversity among the populations studied. The cluster analysis resulted in the identification of four main chemotypes namely: ‘camphor + 1,8-cineole’, ‘mixed’, ‘cis-thujone’ and ‘trans-thujone’.     

Crystal Structure of Loliolide (5, 6,7a-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-4, 4, 7a-trimethyl-2 (4H)-benzofuranones)

1INTRODUCTIONThetitlecompound,C,,H,,O,(mp:146～148'C),forthefirsttime,wasiso-latedfromClinopodiumpolycephalum(Vant-)byC.Y.WuetHsuancalled"DuanXueliu"inChinesethatisusedinfolkmedicineforthetreatmentofhaemorrhagiadisease[1i.Itsstructurehasalreadybeendeterminedt2ibymeansofUV,lR,NMRandchemicalsynthesis.Sinceloliolideappearedtohaveantitumoractivity"'andim-munosuppressiveactivity'#'inrecentyears,weaffirmedthestructurebyX-raydiffractionanalysis.2EXPERIMENTALApaleyellowtransparentcry…     

Group theory and p‐adic valued models of swarm behaviour

The swarm behaviour can be controlled by different localizations of attractants (food pieces) and repellents (dangerous places), which, respectively, attract and repel the swarm propagation. If we assume that at each time step, the swarm can find out not more than p ?1 attractants ( ), then the swarm behaviour can be coded by p ‐adic integers, ie, by the numbers of the ring Z _p . Each swarm propagation has the following 2 stages: (1) the discover of localizations of neighbour attractants and repellents and (2) the logistical optimization of the road system connecting all the reachable attractants and avoiding all the neighbour repellents. In the meanwhile, at the discovering stage, the swarm builds some direct roads and, at the logistical stage, the transporting network of the swarm gets loops (circles) and it permanently changes. So, at the first stage, the behaviour can be expressed by some linear p ‐adic valued strings. At the second stage, it is expressed by non‐linear modifications of p ‐adic valued strings. The second stage cannot be described by conventional algebraic tools; therefore, I have introduced the so‐called non‐linear group theory for describing both stages in the swarm propagation.