α‐FeOOH−MoO3 Nanorod for Effective Photo‐Fenton Degradation of Dyes and Antibiotics at a Wide Range of pH

It's highly significant to develop a novel catalyst, which can be active at a wide range of pH, for an effective photo‐Fenton reaction. In this work, α‐FeOOH?MoO₃ nanorod was prepared by a one‐step hydrothermal method and applied in photo‐Fenton degradation of organic pollutants. Benefit from the electron migration mechanism of Z‐scheme and excellent photoelectric performance, the catalyst exhibited superior photo‐Fenton activity in degradation of organic pollutants. In addition, the catalyst holds good stability after 5 recycles. These results demonstrated that this catalyst has wide application prospect in organic wastewater treatment.     

光助Fenton试剂氧化降解染料直接耐晒黑G的研究

文章研究了影响Fenton试剂氧化降解持久性有机污染物直接耐晒黑G的因素,如光源的选择、初始pH值、H₂O₂的用量、Fe2+的用量、阳离子交换树脂载体的引入等,通过研究确定了各因素的优化条件。研究结果表明：太阳光照能有效的促进直接耐晒黑G染料的降解脱色,大大缩短反应时间;引入阳离子交换树脂后,可增强Fenton氧化反应的活性,降解效果更好。     

可见光辐射下富勒烯[60]–氧化铁复合催化剂的制备及光芬顿法降解有机污染物研究（英文）

采用简单的可升级的化学浸渍法,将Fe_2O_3掺杂到富勒烯[60](C_(60))上,制得C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料.采用了粉末X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱,对其进行了表征.结果发现,XPS数据中,Fe2p_(3/2)和Fe2p_(1/2)的XPS特征峰分别位于结合能710.9和724.1 eV处,对应Fe_2O_3的Fe~(3+).富勒烯颗粒均匀分散在Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒表面,Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒的平均尺寸大约为20–30 nm;Fe_2O_3对于可见光只有微弱的吸收,而制备出的C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料对于可见光有较强的吸收响应.本文将C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合光催化材料用于光催化降解50 mL,20mg/l MB和50 mL,10 mg/L苯酚实验.结果发现,在双氧水存在下和可见光(420 nm)辐射条件下,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3对上述有机污染物均有较好的降解效果.通过测定上述有机物的削减程度,评估了C_(60)-Fe_2O_3催化剂的光催化活性,通过改变实验条件,得到可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系的最佳光催化降解条件:在pH值为3.06~10.34的范围内,投加0.02 g催化剂,5 mol/L双氧水.结果表明,在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝在80min内脱色率能达到98.9%,矿化率能达到71%.浸出实验的结果表明,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂中的铁浸出量可以忽略不计.经过5次循环使用后,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂仍具有较高的光催化活性.为了进一步验证C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的应用广泛性,本文在可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系下,开展了降解RhB,MO和苯酚的试验,结果发现,该催化剂它们也具有高的降解效果.机理研究发现,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的高效催化能力可归因于C_(60)和Fe_2O_3的协同效应:在可见光辐射下,由于C_(60)具有独特的光敏性特征,能够接收电子并把它们转移到Fe_2O_3的Fe3d轨道,并通过一系列反应,达到Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)循环平衡.利用活性组分捕集实验,对光催化反应过程中的主要活性氧化剂进行了区分.结果表明,羟基自由基在整个过程中发挥了最主要的作用.     

联吡啶铁/H2O2体系在可见光下降解芥子气模拟剂2-CEES

采用联吡啶铁/H2O2体系在可见光照射条件下(λ>450nm)降解芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-CEES).考察了不同反应条件下的降解效果,通过EPR分析确定了反应过程中产生的高活性物种,利用GC-MS和NMR等方法分析了反应的产物,跟踪了反应过程中TOC的变化,并根据结果对2-CEES光催化降解的反应机理进行了探讨.     

Decolorization and mineralization of yellow 5 (E102) by UV/Fe2+/H2O2 process. Optimization of the operational conditions by response surface methodology

In this study, the optimization and implementation of a homogeneous photo-Fenton process for the decolorization and mineralization of a wastewater containing highly concentrated yellow 5 (E102) dye, resulting from an industry placed in the suburbs of Medellin (Colombia), is presented. Response surface methodology was applied as a tool for the optimization of operational conditions such as initial dyestuff concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, and UV-radiation power (number of lamps). The decolorization, degradation and mineralization efficiencies were used as response variables. The following conditions were found to be optimal for decolorization and mineralization of yellow 5: UV radiation of 365 nm (4 W, one lamp), dye concentration of 200 mg/L, Fe²⁺ concentration of 1.0 mM, H₂O₂ concentration of 1.75 mL/L, treatment time of 180 min, Fe²⁺ concentration of 1 mM and pH = 3. Under these conditions (180 min), the photo-Fenton process allowed us to reach ca. 100% of color dye degradation, 99% of COD degradation, and 85% of mineralization (TOC). The scavenging effect of the Cl^– anion on the photodegradation process was also confirmed.     

Effect of iron salt on the color removal of water containing the azo-dye reactive blue 69 using photo-assisted Fe(II)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/H2O2 systems

The effect of chloride, sulfate and nitrate anions on the color removal of water containing the azo-dye reactive blue 69 (RB69) in acidic solution, by using photo-assisted Fenton process with Fe(II)/H₂O₂ and Fe(III)/H₂O₂ systems was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor irradiated during 5 h with a domestic 15 W lamp with emission in the visible spectra. Experimental results showed color disappearance in the first 5 min of reaction in the photo-assisted process for all of the different salts, greatly enhancing the reaction rate with respect to the corresponding systems under dark conditions. The exception of the general trend was the Fe₂(SO₄)₃/H₂O₂/UV system, where the decolorization process is slower probably because the oxidative species generated by rupture of Fe(III)–peroxo complexes are less reactive. Total organic matter depletion and mineralization of the effluent were also tested during the experimental runs by means of total organic carbon (TOC) showing that, for most of the photo-assisted experiments high mineralization was reached after 3 h of reaction.     

Sequential injection analysis (SIA) and response surface methodology: A versatile small volume approach for optimization of photo-Fenton processes

Optimization of photo-Fenton degradation of copper phthalocyanine blue was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM) constructed with the aid of a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system coupled to a homemade photo-reactor. Highest degradation percentage was obtained at the following conditions [H₂O₂]/[phthalocyanine] = 7, [H₂O₂]/[FeSO₄] = 10, pH = 2.5, and stopped flow time in the photo reactor = 30 s. The SIA system was designed to prepare a monosegment containing the reagents and sample, to pump it toward the photo-reactor for the specified time and send the products to a flow-through spectrophotometer for monitoring the color reduction of the dye. Changes in parameters such as reagent molar ratios, residence time and pH were made by modifications in the software commanding the SI system, without the need for physical reconfiguration of reagents around the selection valve. The proposed procedure and system fed the statistical program with degradation data for fast construction of response surface plots. After optimization, 97% of the dye was degraded.     

Transformation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by H2O2/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: Oxidation products and toxicity evolution

In the present study, H₂O₂/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol was compared in terms of oxidation products and acute toxicity. The oxidation products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, whereas changes in acute toxicity were evaluated by the Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition assay. H₂O₂/UV-C and photo-Fenton processes ensured complete 2,4-dichlorophenolremoval, detoxification and significant mineralization. Hydroquinone and formic acid were identified as the common oxidation products of the studied advanced oxidation processes investigated. 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, phenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone were identified as the additional H₂O₂/UV-C oxidation products of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Acute toxicity decreased with decreasing 2,4-dichlorophenol and increasing chloride release.     

可见光辐射下活性炭-铁酸镍杂化催化剂光催化氧化氨氮

铁酸镍（NiFe₂O₄）中的镍原子抑制其光芬顿催化活性. 然而,活性炭（AC）能激活其光芬顿催化活性,结果导致复合催化剂AC-NiFe₂O₄在过氧化氢存在时可见光辐射下也可催化氧化氨氮. 用X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电镜（TEM）,傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱,紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）,比表面积和振动样品磁强计对催化剂进行了表征. 光催化降解氨氮的实验表明,该复合催化剂在10 h内氨氮的降解率可达到91.0%,而同样条件下没有催化剂时氨氮的去除率只有24.0%. 对照实验表明,裸铁酸镍在可见光辐射下,氨氮的降解率只有30.0%. 这表明活性炭加速了氨氮的氧化速率. 动力学研究表明,氨氮的氧化遵循一级反应动力学规律,其表观反应动力学常数为3.538×10^-3 min^-1. 机理研究表明,氨氮的氧化是通过生成HONH₂ 中间体,然后转化为NO₂^- .8次循环实验表明该复合催化剂容易分离、可循环使用、且催化活性十分稳定. 因此,该催化剂具有潜在的应用价值.     

Ag/AgCl/铁-海泡石异相可见光Fenton催化降解双酚A

光-Fenton技术是高级氧化技术中的一种,常用于难降解废水处理,由于其反应速度快、毒性低、反应条件温和而受到广泛关注.然而,传统的光-Fenton体系具有可见光利用率低、回收困难等缺点.为了解决这些问题,本文采用廉价易得、无污染、吸附能力强的天然矿物海泡石作为催化剂载体,并利用Ag/AgCl能够吸收可见光的表面等离子响应这一光学性质,合成了一种有潜力的非均相等离子体光催化剂Ag/AgCl/铁-海泡石催化剂(Ag/AgCl/Fe-S),并对该催化剂的形貌结构、性能和机理等进行了系统研究.通过XRD,SEM,XPS,BET,UV-vis等表征手段对催化剂形貌、结构和可见光性能进行了分析.其中,XRD和SEM结果显示,Ag/AgCl粒子已经成功负载在Fe-海泡石上;XPS结果显示,铁氧化物的组成主要为FeOOH和Fe2O3;UV-vis结果显示,催化剂有较好的可见光吸收性能.以双酚A为目标污染物,分别考察了Ag/AgCl/Fe-S,Ag/AgCl和Fe-海泡石的光-Fenton催化性能.结果显示,Ag/AgCl/Fe-S降解双酚A的效果明显优于另外两种催化剂,在H2O2浓度为6mmol/L,pH为4,光照强度500W,Ag/AgCl/Fe-S催化剂量为1.0 g/L,双酚A初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下,1 h时,双酚A基本被完全降解,且3 h时,其矿化率达到61.2%;而Ag/AgCl和Fe-海泡石催化剂在同样的条件下完全降解双酚A至少要3 h,且其矿化率分别只有46.61%和28.85%.另外,还分别探讨了H2O2浓度、pH值、光照强度和催化剂剂量对双酚A降解的影响.最后,通过活性物种捕获、ESR、电化学和PL实验对该体系的反应机理进行了探讨.活性物种捕获实验和ESR实验结果表明,羟基自由基(?OH)和空穴(h+)是该体系中的主要活性物种,且Ag/AgCl/Fe-S+H2O2+vis体系产生的?OH明显多于Fe-S+H2O2+vis体系.为了探讨?OH增多的原因,我们进行了电化学实验和PL实验.电化学实验结果显示,Ag/AgCl/Fe-S催化剂具有更低的阻抗,因此有利于电子-空穴分离.PL结果显示,Ag/AgCl/Fe-S催化剂的电子-空穴复合率更低.结合以上实验,我们提出了Ag/AgCl/Fe-S+H2O2+vis体系对双酚A的降解机理,即一方面催化剂能够发生Fenton反应而产生?OH,另一方面,催化剂中的Ag/AgCl在可见光下由于表面等离子响应而产生电子-空穴,空穴本身可作为活性物种降解双酚A.同时,产生的电子被体系中的Fe3+捕获生成Fe2+,从而促进了铁循环,有利于体系中产生更多的?OH.最后,空穴和羟基自由基发生协同作用共同促进污染物降解.