Effect of stoichiometric ratio of organic fuel to oxidizer on performance of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 catalysts for CH4 combustion

Perovskite-type La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ mixed oxides were prepared by d,l-alanine solution combustion synthesis and used successfully in CH₄ combustion as catalysts. These samples were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, BET, and H₂-TPR methods. The effects of stoichiometric ratio (φ) of organic fuel to oxidizer on the structure and catalytic activities of the catalysts were studied. The results indicate that all La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ mixed oxides with different φ have perovskite structures. Their structures and catalytic activities vary along with the change of φ. The catalytic activity of La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ mixed oxide with φ = 1.52 is the best among all the samples, whose T ₅₀ and T ₁₀₀ (the temperatures of methane conversions reaching 50 and 100%, respectively) are respectively 470 °C and 550 °C, which can be explained in terms of the smaller of average crystal size, higher specific surface area, bigger lattice distortion, lower activation energy, and higher mobility of chemically adsorbed oxygen on the surface and vacancy of the catalysts.     

分光光度法测定铬的改进

用过硫酸钾代替高锰酸钾作氧化剂，用于铬的二苯碳酰二肼比色分析法，测定的回收率为94．9％，相对标准偏差为0．65％，具有操作简便，快捷，精密度高，重现性好等特点，对水样进行分析能得到满意的结果。     

Ru/CNTs-Al2O3氨合成催化剂的制备与表征

采用H₂O₂、HNO₃和空气等氧化剂(ox)对碳纳米管-氧化铝(CNTs-alumina)复合材料进行纯化改性处理, 制备了Ru/CNTs-alumina-ox系列催化剂. 透射电镜(TEM), 热重(TG), X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析结果表明, CNTs-alumina-H₂O₂复合载体中碳管结晶度最好, 且部分碳管被打断, 长度变短, 使其表面的羟基、羧基和羰基的含量明显提高. 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)分析结果还表明, 经HNO₃处理时CNTs-alumina-HNO₃复合载体中有Al的溶出, 溶液中Al含量为49.98 mg·g^-1. 经三种氧化剂处理后所得到的催化剂, 其结构和表面化学性质存在明显的差别, 影响了氨合成催化剂的活性, 其中以CNTs-alumina-H₂O₂复合载体制备的催化剂氨合成活性最高, 在10 MPa、425 °C、10000 h^-1条件下, Ru/CNTs-alumina-H₂O₂催化剂氨合成反应速率达到39.8 mmol·g^-1·h^-1.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Properties of Pentanitrobenzene C6H(NO2)5

The synthesis of the polynitroaromatic compound pentanitrobenzene was re‐examined by modern spectroscopic, structural and physicochemical methods. Originally prepared in 1979, this material could exhibit interesting properties as an oxygen‐rich energetic building block. The energies of formation were calculated with the GAUSSIAN program package and the detonation parameters were predicted using the EXPLO5 computer code. The performance data were determined and compared to the common oxidizer ammonium perchlorate. The crystal structure of pentanitrobenzene was determined by X‐ray crystallography, and those of 2,3,4,6‐tetranitroaniline and styphnic acid (trinitroresorcinol) were re‐determined.     

The capacity and mechanisms of various oxidants on regulating the redox function of ZVI

It is well known that zero-valent iron(ZVI) could catalyze the oxidation of various oxidants to realize the rapid oxidation removal of pollutants. However, in this study, we found that the addition of different oxidants could regulate the redox function of ZVI system. In three different co-treatment systems, the effects of different oxidizers(peroxymonosulfate(PMS), persulfate(PDS), hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2))dosages on the ratios of oxidative degradation rate and reductive degradation rate of p-nitrophenol(PNP)were studied. The effect of the H~+ released from oxidizers and the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS) in ZVI/PMS, ZVI/PDS, ZVI/H_2O_2 systems were detailed discussed. Especially, the contribution of generated ROS for reductive degradation of PNP was quantified in the ZVI/H_2O_2 system. Based on the results of TOC removal, UV–vis absorption spectra, and intermediates concentration curves, it was found that the degradation of PNP changed from reduction to oxidation with the increase of oxidant proportion.When the molar ratio of ZVI to oxidizer equal to 100, PNP was mainly degraded by reduction accompanied by slight oxidation. Combined with the results of SEM-EDS and XPS, it was confirmed that the enhanced degradation of PNP under the addition of oxidant was mainly related to the generated ROS,the additional H~+, and the corrosion products of ZVI.