Ascorbate-induced oxidation of formate by peroxodisulfate: product yields,kinetics and mechanism

The slow reaction between peroxodisulfate and formate is significantly accelerated by ascorbate at room temperature. The products of this induced oxidation, CO₂ and oxalate (C₂O^2– ₄), were analyzed by several methods and the kinetics of this reaction were measured. The overall mechanism involves free radical species. Ascorbate reacts with peroxodisulfate to initiate production of the sulfate radical ion (SO^– ₄), which reacts with formate to produce carbon dioxide radical ion (CO^– ₂) and sulfate. The carbon dioxide radical reacts with peroxodisulfate to form CO₂ or self-combines to form oxalate. Competition occurring between these two processes determines the overall fate of the carbon dioxide radical species. As pH decreases, protonation of the carbon dioxide radical ion tends to favor production of CO₂.     

铜(II)-酪氨酸乙酯络合物催化-锅内法合成S-(-)-l,l'-联萘-2,2'-二酚

利用“一锅法”，以L-酪氨酸乙酯为原料和铜(Ⅱ)反应生成络合物，不对称催 化氧化偶合2一萘酚合成S-(-)-1，1＇-联萘-2，2＇-二酚，选择最佳反应条件，可 使化学产率达到67％，光学产率达到62％．     

OH radical oxidation of the sorbitylfurfural furanic ring to sugar derivatives induced by radiolysis in aerobic environment

Chemical radiolytic oxidation induced by OH addition on 1-(2-furan-2-yl-5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxan-4-yl)-ethan-1,2-diol (sorbitylfurfural, SF) leads, in the presence of controlled amounts of oxygen, to a permanent functional modification of the target molecule. The yield of conversion reaches 60% of the starting material. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification, as final products, of carboxylic acids, butenal and hydroxy-furan derivatives in which the sugar chain remains unbroken, while the furanic ring is attacked first by OH and then by oxygen, giving in succession an intra-/inter-molecular rearrangement of the allylperoxyl radicals thus formed. The proposed oxidation of the furanic ring envisages the peroxyl intermediates undergoing mono- and/or bi-molecular reactions; a reaction path has been outlined and is reported here. The presence of unsaturated bonds in the final products could provide a further site for radical scavenger activity. Therefore, the fast reaction with O₂ and the rearrangement of the produced peroxyl radicals to species, which are likely to be effective OH-capturers, reinforces the antioxidant ability of SF.     

SYNTHESIS OF CONDUCTIVE POLYANILINE VIA OXIDATION BY MnO2

A unique process of chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline using manganese dioxide (MnO2) as the oxidizing agent in an aqueous medium is described. The reaction between aniline and MnO2 follows a mechanism by which the organic monomer is oxidized while the metal oxide undergoes reductive dissolution. The effects of the amount of oxidizing agent and aniline, pH and temperature of the reactive system, type of acid on the yield and conductivity of polyaniline are discussed. The resulting polyaniline was characterized by [R and UV-Vis spectrometry. Polyaniline with a conductivity of 12.5 S/cm was obtained using 0.033 tool of aniline oxidized by 0.023 tool MnO2 in the presence of 100 mL of 2.7 mol/L HCI at 25℃ for 4 h.     

锰卟啉一次氯酸钠模拟体系中由芳醛制备相应羧酸

前文报道了在金属卟啉-次氯酸钠模拟体系中氧化苯甲醛时,金属卟啉结构与其催化性能的关系,结果表明:四(2.6-二氯)苯基卟啉合锰是稳定性能最好及活性较高的催化剂。本文进一步报道各种因素对反应的影响,并在此基础上提出了由芳醛合成相应羧酸的新方法。     

竹红菌甲素光敏氧化反应机制

本文报道了在竹红菌甲素的光敏氧化反应中, 原初反应产生了^1O2、O2和H2O2,在一些还原性底物(5-羟基色氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸等)的存在下, 体系中形成的O2量大大增加。证明了体系中的^1O2是通过三重态的竹红菌甲素和基态氧进行能量传递形成的, O2是体系中的竹红菌甲素负离子自由基和基态氧进行单电子转移的结果, H2O2是体系中存在的竹红菌甲素二价负离子还原基态氧的产物。在一些底物存在下, 次级反应产生了.OH。我们也发现竹红菌甲素具有弱的抽氢能力而生成一些有机自由基, 这些有机自由基的形成促进了各种活泼态氧的相互转化, 因此我们认为竹红甲素的光敏氧化是各种活泼态氧和一些有机自由基综合反应的结果。     

双核铜蛋白模型化合物的合成、氧合和催化苯偶姻的氧化

在碱的作用下,2,4-双(N-咪唑甲基)-6-取代苯酚(1)和2,6-双(N-咪唑甲基)-4-氯苯酚(2)与1,2-二溴乙烷、1,3-二溴丙烷、1,4-二溴丁烷或α,α'-二溴间二甲苯反应,合成了新型的模型配体(3～9)。配体与[Cu(CH~3CN)~4]ClO~4反应,得到两个咪唑基与铜配位的双核铜蛋白模型化合物(10～16)。研究了模型物的氧合作用,发现模型物15和氧气反应,发生分子内的羟化,生成μ-酚氧基-μ-羟基的双核铜(Ⅱ)配合物,其它模型与氧气反应,生成双(μ-羟基)双核铜(Ⅱ)配合物。以4为例,详细研究了其模型物催化氧化苯偶姻的反应及反应动力学。考查了碱、外加配体、金属离子等对氧化反应的影响,发现模型物的活性是铜盐或单核铜配合物活性的近六倍。求出了反应的动力学参数V~m~a~x、k~m分别为9.47×10^-^5mol·dm^-^3·s^-^1和0.0418mol·dm^-^3,表明模型物催化的苯偶姻反应,遵从Michaelis-Menten动力学规律。     

丙三醇在Pt电极上吸附和氧化过程的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

运用电化学循环伏安(CV)和原位FTIR反射光谱方法, 研究了丙三醇在Pt电极上的氧化过程。结果指出, 丙三醇的氧化是一个复杂的表面过程。其间包括脱水、吸附、解离等步骤。根据CV和红外实验数据, 本文提出了Pt电极上丙三醇解离吸附的表面反应机理和不同电位下丙三醇氧化的分子过程。     

1,2,4-三嗪类化合物的研究 VIII: 3-甲硫基-5-羟基-1,2,4-三嗪-6-羧酸乙酯和N^2-[5'-(3'-甲硫基-6'-乙氧羰基)-1',2',4'-三嗪基]-3-甲硫基-5-氧代-1,2,4-三嗪-6-羧酸乙酯的氧化及其取代反应

本文报道3-甲硫基-5-羟基-1,2,4-三嗪-6-羧酸乙酯(4)及N^2-[5'-(3'-甲硫基-6'-乙氧羰基)-1',2',4'-三嗪基]-3-甲硫基-5-氧代-1,2,4-三嗪-6-羧酸乙酯(8)分子内,甲硫基的氧化及其就地与取代芳胺进行亲核取代反应.3-甲砜基和N^2-[5'-(3'-甲硫基-6'-乙氧羰基)-1',2',4'-三嗪基]作为离去基,其离去能力相近.     

氮氧自由基研究XVII:水溶液中哌啶氮氧自由基的电化学行为和自衰变动力学研究

循环伏安法研究表明,2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基和2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧哌啶-1-氧自由基,在水溶液中的单电子氧化电极反应的可逆性随介质酸性,扫描速度和自由基浓度增加而增加,表明电极氧化产物可进一步发生化学反应.