厌氧-曝气生物滤池处理水杨酸废水的研究

采用厌氧-曝气生物滤池(AF-BAF)工艺处理工业水杨酸废水,研究了不同进水ρ[COD(NaAc)]/ρ[COD(SA)]比值[表示乙酸钠与水杨酸(SA)的化学需氧量(COD)浓度配比]对有机物去除和脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,当进水SA浓度低于187mg/L时,经AF工艺处理后,废水生化需氧量(BOD)5/COD由0.27增大至0.38,UV254/氧化还原电位(ORP)由-7.68增大至-3.22,可生化性明显提高。最佳水力停留时间(HRT)为10h,当比值为300∶300时,COD去除率最高(91.74%),SA去除率为91.4%;当比值为0∶600时,COD去除率最低(42%),SA去除率为52.48%。进水碳源变化对NH4+-N去除影响较小,去除率可达99.83%。SA功能菌依赖于非SA功能菌分泌的代谢产物生存,失去非SA功能菌分泌的代谢产物后,SA功能菌的活性开始降低。     

基于超声-ORP原理的快速COD检测法研究

针对传统水质化学需氧量(COD)在线检测方法检测稳定性差、易受环境影响等缺陷,为提高水质COD在线检测效率和稳定性,本文基于超声化学原理和氧化还原电位法(ORP),提出一种在超声波辅助消解(UASD)作用下基于ORP法的COD检测方法：UASD-ORP法。通过超声波辐照下空化气泡微射流的加强传质、表面自由基活化等特效作用消解待测水样,结合ORP监测溶液的宏观氧化-还原性,保证COD检测中后续滴定过程的准确性、稳定性。实验表明,经该方法检测标准邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的COD值同国标法测得的COD值非常接近,相对误差在-6.0%~-3.0%之间;对污水样品实地测试中,该方法测得的COD值与标准方法测得的COD值的准确度在-10%~-1.5%之间。应用UASD-ORP法完成COD检测周期在15min~20min,且测量值重复性≤3%。实验验证了该方法具有可行性,可以用于开发在线检测技术。     

Small and efficient basis sets for the evaluation of accurate interaction-induced linear and non-linear electric properties in model hydrogen-bonded complexes

Interaction-induced electric dipole moment, polarisability and first hyperpolarisability are investigated in model hydrogen-bonded clusters built of hydrogen fluoride molecules organised in three linear chains parallel to each other. The properties are evaluated within the finite field approach, using the second order Møller–Plesset method, and the LPol-m (m = ds, dl) and the optical rotation prediction (ORP) basis sets. These bases and correlation method are selected after a systematic basis set and correlation method convergence study carried out on the smallest of the complexes and taking properties obtained with Dunning's bases and the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and the CCSD including connected triple corrections (CCSD(T)) methods as reference. Results are analysed in terms of many-body and cooperative effects.     

厌氧生物处理丙酸产生和积累的原因

丙酸的产生和积累对厌氧生物处理系统有着十分重大的影响, 国内外专家对丙酸产生和积累的原因进行了大量的研究. 通过连续流试验和理论分析, 提出了丙酸产生和积累的生理原因和生态条件, 并证明了较高的氢分压并非是导致丙酸产生的直接原因. 结果表明, 特定的pH和ORP组成是丙酸产生的生态条件, 而NADH/NAD+比率的平衡调节是丙酸产生的生理原因. 同时提出, 采用乙醇型发酵的二相厌氧生物处理工艺是避免丙酸积累的有效措施.     

基于改进ABC的LSSVM氧化还原电位预测研究

针对氧化还原电位对于生物氧化提金预处理过程的控制和优化具有重要作用,提出了一种基于改进的ABC算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的预测方法。该算法是在标准人工蜂群算法的基础上,通过引入欧氏距离,使得在一定邻域内观察蜂采用不同于雇佣蜂的搜索策略。采用改进的ABC算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的参数,取得最优解并赋予最小二乘支持向量机进行预测。以新疆某金矿的生产数据进行仿真研究,结果表明：基于改进的ABC算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机具有较高的预测精度,该方法能使模型取得较好的预测效果。     

Synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from excess activated sludge under various oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP) by using acetate and propionate as carbon sources

Accumulation of poly hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from excess activated sludge (EAS) was monitored and controlled via the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) adjusting process. The ORP was adjusted and controlled by only regulating the gas-flow rate pumped into the cultural broth in which sodium acetate (C2) and propionate (C3) were used as carbon sources. Productivity of PHA and the PHA compositions at various C2 to C3 ratios were also investigated. When ORP was maintained at +30 mV, 35% (w/w) of PHA of cell dry weight obtained when C2 was used as sole carbon source. The PHA copolymer, poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), accumulated by EAS with different 3-hydroxyvalarate (3HV) molar fractions ranged from 8% to 78.0% when C2 and C3 was used as sole carbon source, By using ORP to monitor and control the fermentation process instead DO meter, the ORP system provided more precise control to the PHA accumulation process from EAS under low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Adjusting the C2 to C3 ratios in the media could control the composition such as the 3HV/3HB ratios of the PHBV. Furthermore, it might be an effective way to adjust the 3HV molar fractions in PHBV by controlling the DO concentration via the ORP monitoring system. The 3HV molar fractions in the PHBV declined with increasing ORP from −30 mV to +100 mV by adjusting the gas-flow rate (i.e. the DO concentration). It is concluded that the DO plays a very important role in the synthesis of 3HV subunits in PHBV co-polymer from the EAS. Therefore, a hypothetic metabolic model for PHA synthesis from EAS was proposed to try to explain the results in this study.     

Mechanism and controlling strategy of the production and accumulation of propionic acid for anaerobic wastewater treatment

The production and accumulation of propionic acid affect significantly anaerobic wastewater treatment system, but the reasons are not approached until now. Based on the results of continuous-flow tests and the analysis of biochemistry and ecology, two mechanisms of producing propionic acid have been put forward. It is demonstrated that the reasons of propionic acid production and accumulation are not caused by higher hydrogen partial pressure. The combination of specific pH value and ORP is the ecological factor affecting propionic acid production, and the equilibrium regulation of NADH/NAD+ ratio in cells is the physiological factor. Meanwhile, it is put forward that using the two-phase anaerobic treatment process and the ethanol type fermentation in anaerobic reactor to avoid propionic acid accumulation are efficient methods.     

The ORP basis set designed for optical rotation calculations

Details of generation of the optical rotation prediction (ORP) basis set developed for accurate optical rotation (OR) calculations are presented. Specific rotation calculations carried out at the density functional theory (DFT) level for model chiral methane molecule, fluorooxirane, methyloxirane, and dimethylmethylenecyclopropane reveal that the ORP set outperforms larger basis sets, among them the aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set of Dunning (J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 1007) and the aug‐pc‐2 basis set of Jensen (J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 117, 9234; J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2008, 4, 719). It is shown to be an attractive choice also in the case of larger systems, namely norbornanone, β‐pinene, trans‐pinane, and nopinone. The ORP basis set is further used in OR calculations for 24 other systems, and the results are compared to the aug‐cc‐pVDZ values. Whenever large discrepancies of results are observed, the ORP values are in an excellent agreement with the aug‐cc‐pVTZ results. The ORP basis set enables accurate specific rotation calculations at a reduced cost and thus can be recommended for routine DFT OR calculations, also for large and conformationally flexible molecules. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.