Poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) hydrogels: 2.Hydrogel composites as wound dressing for tropical environment

POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE) HYDROGELS: 2. HYDROGEL COMPOSITES AS WOUND DRESSING FOR TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT. The effects of irradiation on hydration and other properties of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) hydrogel composites have been investigated. The aqueous solution of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) 10 wt % was mixed with several additives such as agar and polyethylen glycol (PEG). The solution was then irradiated with gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source at room temperature. Several parameters such as elongation at break (EB), tensile strength (TS), degree of swelling (DS), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), equilibrium water content (EWC), microbial growth and penetration test, and water activity (Aw) were analysed at room temperature of 29 ±2°C humidity of 80 ± 10%. Results show that elongation at break of hydrogel membranes with initial composition of VP with agar, VP with agar and PEG were 240 % and 250 % kGy, the equilibrium water content of membranes were 96 to 90%, whereas degree of swelling were 55 to 10. The WVTR of hydrogel membranes with initial composition of VP with agar and PEG was 70 g m^-2h^-1, while the water activity was 0.9. Such hydrogel membranes exhibits the following properties: They are elastic, transparent, flexible, impermeable for bacteria. They absopt a high capacity of water, attached to healthy skin but not to the wound and they are easy to remove. These properties of the hydrogel membranes allow for applying as a wound dressings in tropical environment.     

Laser-Initiated copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with maleic anhydride and maleimide

This article describes the laser-initiated copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with maleic anhydride and maleimide via charge transfer complexes. The dependence of copolymer yield on the molar ratios of the monomers in the feed and on the irradiation time is described. Based on the ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, and chemical analysis results, a tentative mechanism of polymerization is suggested. The rates of polymerization of several monomer systems are compared. The N-vinylpyrrolidone and maleimide system shows the highest rate of polymerization.     

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Thioether Oligomer Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐modified Gold Electrode for Bisphenol A Detection

Presently, bisphenol A (BPA) has been added to the list of substances of very high concern as endocrine disruptors. According to the literature, exposure to bisphenol A even at low doses may result in adverse health effects. In this study, electrochemical sensor of Bisphenol A based on thioether DDT‐Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) oligomer has been developed. The thioether oligomer, which is capable of recognizing BPA, was prepared and used for gold electrode modification. The characterization of the modified gold electrode and the synthesized thioether oligomer were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) and Size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Obtained results indicate that the modified electrode shows good electrochemical activity, good sensitivity and reproducibility for BPA detection. It exhibited a good linear relationship ranging from 1 to 20 pg/mL, and the detection limit was found to be 1.9 pg/mL at S/N=3. Several interfering species such as hydroquinone, phenol and resorcinol were used and their behaviors on the modified gold electrode were investigated.     

Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies of copper adsorption onto poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) modified clay

We demonstrated in this study the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by a new and cost efficiency adsorbent based on poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) modified sodium bentonite. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) is well intercalated in the clay inter-sheets. Adsorption of copper was analyzed by the atomic absorption spectroscopy technical.

Quantitative removal of copper in aqueous solution and the optimum conditions in batch experimental set-up were attained by following searching effects such as contact time, initial metal concentration, pH and temperature.

The elimination of this pollutant by this a new composite reached 3.27 mg.g^?1, which is more important than the amount of copper adsorbed by the non-modified clay (1.5 mg.g^?1). The experimental results showed that the equilibrium and shaking time was attained within 05 min. The better retention capacity of copper was obtained at pH between 4 and 5.8.

Equilibrium data were well fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Elovich models.

Also, the pseudo first order and pseudo-second-order were also applied. The experimental data follow well the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic of this new adsorbent of copper shows spontaneous and exothermic process with a negative value of ΔS.     

在胶束溶液中铈盐引发制备双亲嵌段共聚物PSt-b-PVP及其表征

采用过氧化氢-硫酸亚铁的氧化还原引发体系,首先使苯乙烯(St)在乳液聚合体系中进行均聚合,制得了端羟基聚苯乙烯(PSt-OH),然后将PSt-OH增溶于十二烷基硫酸钠的胶束溶液中,在硫酸铈铵的引发作用下,使水溶液中的N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)在PSt-OH端羟基部位发生嵌段共聚合,制得了双亲嵌段共聚物PSt-b-PVP。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热(DSC)等手段对嵌段共聚物的组成与结构进行了表征。结果表明:在Ce(Ⅳ)盐的氧化作用下,增溶于胶束中的端羟基聚苯乙烯端会在端基产生自由基,顺利地实现NVP的嵌段共聚合反应。随着共聚合时间的延长,共聚物PSt-b-PVP大分子链中亲水嵌段PVP的比例不断增大。     

丙烯腈与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮在H2O/DMSO混合溶剂中共聚反应动力学研究

在水和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合溶剂中,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,合成了丙烯腈(AN)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)共聚物,在反应温度为60℃时,建立了聚合反应速率方程 Rp=kC0.651±0.123AIBNC1.59±0.35ANC1.17±0.14 NVP,求得聚合反应的表观活化能.并讨论了添加剂对苯二酚和二氧杂环己烷对共聚反应的影响.     

Facilitated Transport of C<Subscript>2</Subscript>H<Subscript>4</Subscript> in a SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-Ag<Superscript>+</Superscript> Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Membrane

Inorganic-organic hybrid membranes containing silica as the structure matrix, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as the organic mediating agent and silver ions as olefinic carriers were prepared using sol–gel method and dip-coating process. The structure and permeances of the membranes for N₂, He, C₂H₄, C₂H₆ at different temperatures indicated that defect-free membranes were obtained and the transportation of the C₂H₄ through the membranes followed the dissolution and diffusion mechanism. Ideal separation factors of C₂H₄/C₂H₆ through the membranes were evaluated at the temperature of 298, 373 and 423 K respectively using mixture gas of 50% C₂H₄-50% C₂H₆. The results showed that the ideal separation factors of C₂H₄/C₂H₆ through the membranes were obviously greater than the ratio of PC₂H₄/PC₂H₆ obtained from the single gas measurement due to the hindering effect by the adsorbed C₂H₄. The ideal separation factors of C₂H₄/C₂H₆ increased with temperature and reached 10 at 423 K, which suggested that C₂H₄ and C₂H₆ could be separated at lower humidity compared to the reported organic polymer/silver salt membranes in which humidified gases and higher silver loading were usually used. The transport of C₂H₄ in the inorganic-organic hybrid membrane was proposed to follow the hopping mechanism, that is, olefins moved across the fixed silver sites.     

The miscibility of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) blends investigated in dilute solutions and solids

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (polymer A) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) (polymer B) are known to form a thermodynamically miscible pair. In the present study the conclusion on miscibility of PVA/PVP solid blends, confirmed qualitatively (DMTA, FTIR) and quantitatively (DSC, χ_AB = − 0.69 at 503 K) is compared with the miscibility investigations of PVA/PVP solution blends by the technique of dilute solution viscometry. The miscibility of the ternary (polymer A/ polymer B/ solvent) system is estimated on the basis of experimental and ideal values of the viscosity parameters k, b and [η]. It is found that the conclusions on miscibility or nonmiscibility drawn from viscosity measurements in dilute solution blends depend: (i) on the applied extrapolation method used for the determination of the viscosity interaction parameters, (ii) on the assumed definition of the ideal values and (iii) on the thermodynamic quality of the solvent, which in the case of PVA depends on its degree of hydrolysis. Hence, viscometric investigations of dilute PVA/PVP solution blends have revealed that viscometry, widely used in the literature for estimation of polymer-polymer miscibility can not be recommended as a sole method to presume the miscibility of a polymer pair.     

NOVEL AMPHIPHILIC FLUORESCENT GRAFT COPOLYMER： SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ENCAPSULATION OF A HYDROPHOBIC AGENT

Novel amphiphilic fluorescent graft copolymer （PVP-PyAHy） was successfully synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of hydrophobic monomer N-（1-pyrenebutyryl）-N＇-acryloyl hydrazide （PyAHy） with hydrophilic precursor polymers of vinyl-functionalized poly（N-vinylpyrrolidone） （PVP） in DMF. The copolymer is amphiphilic and has intrinsic fluorescence. FT-IR, ^1H-NMR, TEM, gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering, UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize this copolymer. The TEM observation shows that the copolymer PVP-PyAHy forms micelles in aqueous solution. Results of fluorometric measurements illustrate that the critical micelle concentration （CMC） value of PVP-PyAHy in aqueous solution is about 0.90 mg/mL. To examine the encapsulation ability of the copolymer in aqueous media, methyl yellow was employed as a model hydrophobic agent. The loading level of the polymer to methyl yellow is 8.8 mg/g. The cytotoxicity assays for Madin Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells shows good biocompatibility of PVP-PyAHy in vitro. These results suggest the potential of this copolymer PVP-PyAHy as drugs delivery carrier and fluorescent tracer.