Determination of moxifloxacin in tablets and human urine by square-wave adsorptive voltammetry

This work presents an electroanalytical methodology developed for square-wave voltammetry based in the electrochemical reduction in hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), which is simple, fast, reliable and sensitive for determination of moxifloxacin (MOXI) in tablets and spiked urine human samples. The support electrolyte that provided a more defined and intense peak current for MOXI determination was the phosphate buffer 0.04 mol l^{− 1} pH 8.0. In the best-optimized conditions the drug presented an only peak of reduction at − 1.38 V vs. Ag/AgCl, using an E_acc. of − 0.30 V. An LOD of 0.44 and 3.20 ng ml^{− 1} and an LOQ of 1.46 and 10.60 ng ml^{− 1} were found for the pure standard of moxifloxacin and in the presence of matrix, respectively. A good recovery was obtained for assay spiked urine samples and a good quantification of MOXI was achieved in a commercial formulation. The methodology proposed was more sensitive than the spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric method with precision and accuracy equivalent.     

Voltammetric behaviour and determination of moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical products and human plasma

The oxidative behaviour of moxifloxacin was studied at a glassy carbon electrode in different buffer systems using cyclic, differential pulse, and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry. The oxidation process was shown to be irreversible over the entire pH range studied (2.0–10.0) and was diffusion-controlled. The methods were performed in Britton–Robinson buffer and the corresponding calibration graphs were constructed and statistical data were evaluated. When the proposed methods were applied at pH 6.0 linearity was achieved from 4.4×10^–7 to 1.0×10^–5 mol L^–1. Applicability to tablets and human plasma analysis was illustrated. Furthermore, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode-array detection was developed. A calibration graph was established from 4.0×10^–6 to 5.0×10^–5 mol L^–1 moxifloxacin. The described methods were successfully employed with high precision and accuracy for estimation of the total drug content of human plasma and for pharmaceutical dosage forms of moxifloxacin.     

钇(Ⅲ)-莫西沙星配合物的荧光性质及分析应用

钇(Y3+)与莫西沙星(MoxifloxacinMXFX)形成的配合物能显著地增敏莫西沙星的荧光强度,据此,建立了测定莫西沙星的新方法。该方法的检出限为8.5×10-10mol/L;莫西沙星的浓度在1.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol/L范围内与配合物体系的荧光强度呈良好的线性关系。对1.0×10-6mol/L莫西沙星平行测定12次,RSD为1.1%。该法可用于测定尿样中的莫西沙星。对荧光增强机理作了简要的探讨。     

Quick and simple formation of different nanosized charge-transfer complexes of the antibiotic drug moxifloxacin: An efficient way to remove and utilize discarded antibiotics

A quick and simple procedure for the synthesis of nanosized complexes of the drug moxifloxacin (MOX) is described. MOX nanoparticles were synthesized via charge-transfer (CT) interactions with the organic acceptors picric acid (PA), chloranilic acid (CLA) and chloranil (CHL). The structure and morphology of these nanoparticles were fully characterized using physicochemical techniques, such as UV–visible, IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies, XRD, SEM, TEM, and elemental and thermal analyses. Notably, it has been found that the complexation of MOX with an organic acceptor leads to well-organized nanoparticles with a main diameter in the range of 10–20 nm. Interestingly, the direct carbonization of the complex containing the PA acceptor leads to nanoporous carbon material with uniform morphology. This method is an efficient way to remove and utilize discarded MOX antibiotic in other products.     

Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Gatifloxacin,Moxifloxacin and Sparfloxacin with DNA and Their Analytical Applications

The electrochemical oxidation of the three fluoroquinolone drugs FQs: gatifloxacin GTF, moxifloxacin MXF and sparfloxacin SPF, at the bare and DNA‐modified glassy carbon electrodes has been studied by voltammetric techniques. The three FQs showed one irreversible oxidation peak at potential range 0.85–0.91 V vs. Ag‐AgCl, in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and UV‐absorption spectroscopic techniques were employed to probe the interaction between the FQs and calf thymus double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds CT‐DNA). From electrochemical data, the binding constant between DNA and the gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin are calculated to be 3228, 2596 and 2857 M^?1 respectively. Based on electrochemical and spectroscopic results, the mode of binding of fluoroquinolone to DNA through combined effect of intercalation and electrostatic interaction was concluded. A detection scheme based on a preconcentration and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination at dsDNA modified glassy carbon electrode (DNA/GCE) was proposed for the trace determination of the studied analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the FQs in pharmaceutical formulations.     

荧光共振能量转移猝灭法测定片剂中莫西沙星含量

基于在pH 6.50的B-R缓冲溶液,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)介质中,吖啶橙(AO)-罗丹明B(RB)能够发生有效的能量转移,使RB荧光增强,而加入莫西沙星(MXFC)后使得RB的荧光猝灭,且其荧光淬灭程度与莫西沙星的质量浓度在1.00～10.0mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,据此提出了利用AO-RB荧光共振能量转移,荧光淬灭法间接测定片剂中莫西沙星含量的方法。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.039mg.L-1。方法用于莫西沙星片剂的分析,测定值与高效液相色谱法测定值相一致,加标平均回收率为99%,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于0.9%。     

Fragmentation of Moxifloxacin and Its Analogs by Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

The fragmentation of patterns of moxifloxacin, 2-N-methylated moxifloxacin (analog 1), and 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (analog 2) were investigated by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry in the positive-ion mode. Many unusual ions were detected in the tandem mass spectra of moxifloxacin. Although the structures of moxifloxacin and analog 1 were similar, the relative abundances of products varied greatly. Comparison of the relative abundances of the product ions that lost CO₂ or H₂O and complementary product ions resulting from sequential four-membered hydrogen rearrangement showed that the differences were related to the protonation sites. The loss of HF, probably though the formation of an ion/neutral complex, is of scientific interest. The identities of the major product ions were confirmed by deuterium-labeling experiments that demonstrated an unusual loss of a deuterium atom. The major differences in fragmentation patterns were compared to previous reports in the literature.     

Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids

Abstract

A simple, fast, sensitive and fully validated differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for the determination of trace amounts of moxifloxacin in pharmaceutics, serum and urine is reported. Moxifloxacin exhibited irreversible cathodic peak over the pH 5.00–11.00 in Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer. At pH 10.00 (the analytical pH), a well‐defined peak at ?1.61 V versus saturated calomel electrode was obtained. The current has been characterized as being diffusion‐controlled process. The diffusion current constant (i_d) was 1.48±0.12 and the current–concentration plot was rectilinear over the range from 5×10^?7 to 1×10^?4 M with correlation coefficient (n=10) of 0.995.

The proposed method was applied to commercial tablets and average percentage recovery was in agreement with that obtained by spectrophotometric comparison method. The method was extended to the in vitro determination of moxifloxacin in spiked human serum and urine.     

基于密度泛函理论的莫西沙星振动光谱研究

莫西沙星作为第四代氟喹诺酮类抗生素被大量的使用,在人体以及家畜体内会有药物残留,危害每个人的生命健康。为了避免人体二次摄入,能够快速检测肉制品中是否含有莫西沙星残留的方法尤为重要。为此,采用振动光谱技术结合密度泛函理论方法为莫西沙星的振动光谱检测与鉴定提供基础数据,为其在药品检测领域的应用提供参考。具体研究内容和结果如下：第一步以密度泛函理论为基础（DFT）,构建莫西沙星分子空间结构,利用B3LYP/6-311+G(d)基组优化结构并计算其理论拉曼光谱与红外光谱。理论计算结果发现莫西沙星分子在3 700~2 800与1 800~400 cm-1范围内具有明显的拉曼与红外活性,前者主要是官能团上键的振动,后者为指纹区上键的振动。由于两种光谱信息互补的优越性,首先通过对比理论拉曼光谱与红外光谱,标记出同时具有两种或只具有一种振动活性的振动峰频率,结合Gaussian view显示莫西沙星分子中每个键对应的振动频率进行全面的归属,同时给出莫西沙星分子的键长、键角和二面角等空间结构参数。第二步通过实验测量了莫西沙星（Moxifloxacin,MXF）的自然拉曼光谱（NRS）与红外光谱（IR）。理论计算结果误差由频率校正因子0.973修正,再与实验数据相比较,峰值波数相差大多在0~10 cm-1范围内,计算结果与实验数据基本一致,该结果为莫西沙星的振动光谱检测与鉴定提供基础数据,为其在药品检测领域的应用提供参考。