Recent breakthroughs of antibacterial and antiviral protective polymeric materials during COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic: Coating,packaging, and textile applications

The global epidemic owing to COVID-19 has generated awareness to ensuring best practices for avoiding the microorganism spread. Indeed, because of the increase in infections caused by bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the global demand for antimicrobial materials is growing. New technologies by using polymeric systems are of great interest. Virus transmission by contaminated surfaces leads to the spread of infectious diseases, so antimicrobial coatings are significant in this regard. Moreover, antimicrobial food packaging is beneficial to prevent the spread of microorganisms during food processing and transportation. Furthermore, antimicrobial textiles show an effective role. We aim to provide a review of prepared antimicrobial polymeric materials for use in coating, food packaging, and textile during the COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic.     

Penicillones A and B, two novel polyketides with tricyclo [5.3.1.0] undecane skeleton, from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium terrestre

Two novel polyketides, penicillones A (1) and B (2), with tricyclo [5.3.1.0^3,8] undecane skeleton, were isolated from Penicillium terrestre. Their structures and relative stereochemistries were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 2 was established by the modified Mosher’s method, while that of 1 was deduced from the similar CD absorptions of 1 and 2. Compound 1 showed weak cytotoxicities against P338 and A-549 cell lines, while 2 was inactive against P388.     

生物修复技术在重金属污染治理中的应用

随着工业的发展，重金属对环境的污染越来越引起人们的关注。生物修复技术以其投资少、效率高、可以原位修复低浓度有害污染物的特性而在环境污染治理中发挥了巨大的作用，自上世纪80年代产生以来，得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了几种生物修复技术在污染治理中的应用，以期进一步推动重金属污染的治理和修复工作。     

生物大分子印迹聚合物研究进展及其应用

介绍了生物大分子印迹技术及其印迹聚合物的研究进展,其中包括对蛋白质、核酸、微生物细胞进行分子印迹所采用的印迹方法、机理以及存在的问题,最后简要探讨了生物大分子印迹聚合物在医学研究中的应用前景。     

Screen-printed biosensors in microbiology; a review

Disposable screen-printed biosensors have been successfully employed in the development of analytical methods that respond to the growing need to perform rapid “in situ” analyses. Thus, the early detection of microorganisms, which plays an important role in the prevention of human health problems, animals and plants epidemics, has been carried out using this kind of devices. Moreover, microorganisms have been used as biological sensing elements in the development of sensitive microbial biosensors for the analysis of different analytes of interest. This review presents the electrochemical application of disposable screen-printed biosensors in the microbiology field.     

Native biofilm cultured under controllable condition and used in mediated method for BOD measurement

In this article, we developed a native biofilm (NBF) bioreactor used for biochemical oxygen demand mediated method (BOD_Med). There were two innovations differed from previous BOD_Med assay. Firstly, the immobilization of microorganisms was adopted in BOD_Med. Secondly, the NBF was introduced for BOD measurement. The NBF bioreactor has been characterized by optical microscopy. A culture condition of NBF with 24 h, 35 °C and pH 7 was optimized. Furthermore, a measuring condition with 35 °C, pH 7 and 55 mM ferricyanide in 1 h incubation were optimized. Based on the optimized condition, the real wastewater samples from local sewage treatment plant had been measured. Performances of the NBFs proposed at different culture conditions were recorded for 110 d, and the results indicated that long-term storage stability was obtained. With the proposed method, an uncontaminated native microbial source solution can be obtained from a wastewater treatment plant. In this way, we can ensure that the microbial species of all in the NBF are same as that in the target to be measured.     

The use of microorganisms with broad range substrate utilisation for the ferricyanide-mediated rapid determination of biochemical oxygen demand

The feasibility of replacing oxygen with a synthetic electron acceptor in microbial catabolism was investigated as a rapid method for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Microorganisms known for their broad range organic substrate utilisation were investigated. It was shown that Trichosporon cutaneum, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus licheniformis could utilize the ferricyanide ion as an alternative electron acceptor, in place of oxygen, for the catabolic oxidation of a range of simple organic compounds. The biochemical reactions were monitored by measuring the amount of microbially produced ferrocyanide using amperometry at a Pt disk microelectrode. Catabolic degradation efficiencies approaching those of the conventional 5-day assay were achieved in 1 h. BOD₅ equivalent values for a range of simple organic solutions were determined for each of the microorganisms. The effect of increased incubation time and the choice of appropriate calibration standards for rapid BOD assays were also considered.     

Determination of organophosphorus aromatic nitro insecticides by using electric-field cell orientation in microbial suspensions

We examined the effect of the cellular metabolism of the organophosphorus aromatic nitro insecticides metaphos and sumithion on the electro-physical properties (EPPs) of Pseudomonas putida C-11, P. putida BA-11, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticum A-122 suspensions. We used the dependences of cell-suspension absorbance changes induced by electric-field orientation on the orienting-field frequency in the range 10-10,000 kHz. Substantial orientational-spectrum changes, caused by insecticide action, occurred at frequencies of 10-1000 kHz. The plots of electro-optical effect versus insecticide-concentration were linear over the following concentration ranges: 0.5-3.0 mM metaphos and 0.5-3.5 mM sumithion for P. putida C-11 and BA-11; and 0.5-2.0 mM metaphos and 0.5-2.5 mM sumithion for A. calcoaceticum A-122. We discuss the possibility of developing a biosensor-method based on the measurement of cell-suspension orientational spectra (OS).     

淀粉塑料现状及发展前景

降解塑料发展迅速,经历了一段鱼龙混杂的开发过程后,人们终于认识到只有开发真正可降解的塑料才能对环境友好,造福人类,本文简述了目前国内外淀粉塑料发展现状并对各淀粉塑料的优缺点进行了分析,指出了春发展前景将是十分广阔的。