5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探

对乙炔氧气混合气体中爆轰波与激波的正面对撞现象的实验研究是以高速摄影获 取两波对撞的x-t纹影图,以烟迹板记录对撞中的爆轰胞格图案,并基于激波 理论和经典CJ爆轰理论求解了两波对撞的稳态解并探寻其规律. 研究发现透射波系包括一道激波和爆轰波, 以及紧随爆轰波后的稀疏波区,这一结果对应于一维理论分析中的CJ解. 透射波系基本不受 初始压强影响;初始温度也只成比例地改变流场整体速度,温度越高,速度越快;对波系起 实质影响作用的是入射激波强度,激波越强,则整个透射流场呈现偏向激波的趋势;理论分 析还指出,稀疏波区的出现不可避免,当激波强度趋于声波稀疏波区趋于消失,激波越强则 疏波区趋于扩大. 两波对撞存在一个有限的转变阶段,透射爆轰首先减缓,接着迅速迸发为 过驱爆轰,然后再逐渐平衡为CJ爆轰. 对于强不稳定的燃气,对撞后爆轰波在空间上的发展 极不均衡,一些区域发生火焰面与诱导激波的严重脱离,随后的火焰面失稳发展为诱导激波 区内的爆轰波,实验观察到了这种爆轰在烟迹板上留下的极为精细的迹线.     

The dry-packing of columns in liquid chromatography

This contribution comprises two parts, the one covering some variables in the dry-packing of columns for liquid chromatography, the other the use of an automatic dry-packer in liquid chromatography. A high-pressure stainless steel column was dry-packed using a 20-44 μm size, irrregularly shaped, silica gel support. It was found that, when support was added in discrete amounts, lateral tapping produced a column of higher efficiency (HETP = 0.69 mm) than was the case for vertical tapping (HETP = 1.37 mm). Simultaneous vertical and lateral tapping produced an intermediate result. Bulk filling of the column followed by tapping was inferior to adding support in discrete amounts. An apparatus constructed to perform the vertical and lateral tapping operations automatically confirmed the above conclusions. It was concluded that commercially available dry-packing apparatus do not offer the best action for packing an efficient column since they involve predominantly vertical tapping.     

土-结构相互作用体系合成模态阻尼比的振动台模型试验研究

本文籍振动台模型试验。研究了SSI体系的合成模态阻尼比问题。文中首先阐明了在SSI体系直接动力分析中应采用合成模态阻尼比的观点。研究了合成模态阻尼纟的实测确定方法。并在不同工况下，通过对模型不同部位测点的传递函数，基本频率，基本合成模态阻尼比等实测数据考虑，验证了SSI体系合成模态的存在性，合成模态阻尼比与相同应变下不考虑相互作用的单纯地基土体或刚性地基结构阻尼比的差异性及其在递增动力作用下的变化规律。     

Ionic‐liquid‐based,manual‐shaking‐ and ultrasound‐assisted,surfactant‐enhanced emulsification microextraction for the determination of three fungicide residues in juice samples

A novel manual‐shaking‐ and ultrasound‐assisted surfactant‐enhanced emulsification microextraction method was developed for the determination of three fungicides in juice samples. In this method, the ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, instead of a volatile organic solvent was used as the extraction solvent. The surfactant, NP‐10, was used as an emulsifier to enhance the dispersion of the water‐immiscible ionic liquid into an aqueous phase, which accelerated the mass transfer of the analytes. Organic dispersive solvent typically required in common dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction methods was not necessary. In addition, manual shaking for 15 s before ultrasound to preliminarily mix the extraction solvent and the aqueous sample could greatly shorten the time for dispersing the ionic liquid into aqueous solution by ultrasound irradiation. Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including type and volume of extraction solvent, type and concentration of surfactant, extraction time, and pH, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity with the correlation coefficients (γ) higher than 0.9986 and high sensitivity with the limit of detection ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 μg/L were obtained. The average recoveries ranged from 61.4 to 86.0% for spiked juice, with relative standard deviations from 1.8 to 9.7%. The proposed method was demonstrated to be a simple, fast, and efficient method for the analysis of the target fungicides in juice samples.     

Detection of the support damage of spatial steel structures under earthquakes based on shaking table test

There are always some local damages in spatial steel structures induced by strong earthquakes, such as welding cracks of steel nodes, anchor loose of supports etc. If these local damages of spatial steel structures occur, there will be serious dangers to the structural safety. In order to detect the position of local damage under earthquake quickly and accurately, the method of support damage diagnosis of spatial steel structures under earthquakes is studied by using wavelet packet decomposition, data fusion and cluster analysis. Furthermore, a scale model of spatial steel structure was tested on a seismic simulation shaking table to detect the position of damaged support. Results show that the damaged support position can be detected accurately by using the method proposed in this paper, which has practical applications to the damage detection of spatial steel structures.     

简易振动台试验设备研制

为了完成多桩型复合地基抗液化性能振动台试验,利用实验室已有的反力墙和作动器,设计了一个小型的简易单向振动台系统和堆叠式剪切模型箱。堆叠式剪切模型箱内部尺寸为1200mm×800mm×772mm,由8层铝合金框架和7层橡胶条叠合而成。利用ANSYS有限元软件对模型箱及地基-模型箱进行了动力分析,并通过饱和粉细砂地基模型振动台试验验证了模型箱的效果。结果表明,所设计的模型箱能够较成功地模拟天然场地的边界条件,为多桩型复合地基抗液化性能振动台试验的顺利进行打下基础。     

锁模脉冲波长连续可调谐光纤激光器

利用在腔内加入可调谐光纤光栅滤波器使“8”字形腔掺Yb3+光纤激光器在锁模状态下实现波长连续可调谐.实验中,在保证锁模状态稳定的情况下,通过调节可调谐光纤光栅滤波器,使激光器输出锁模脉冲的中心波长在1 047 nm～1 055 nm范围内连续调谐,重复频率稳定维持在4.9 MHz.在中心波长1 053 nm处,测得锁模脉冲输出平均功率为8.02 mW,光谱带宽1 nm,脉冲宽度为259.3 ps.这种“8”字形腔被动锁模光纤激光器在锁模状态下对波长连续可调谐,并可长时间稳定工作.     

一体式中医舌象采集分析系统设计

舌象采集是中医舌象分析中非常重要的一环,一套稳定、可靠、高精度的舌象采集系统直接影响到舌象分析和病情诊断的准确性。针对上述要求,设计了一种一体式的中医舌象采集分析系统,具有结构简单,功能全面,体积小等特点。通过积分球搭建的光照环境保证了舌体的受光均匀。使用MFC编写采集处理程序,便于升级维护。研究了一种手动调节相机白平衡参数的方法,保证采集过程中舌象颜色的准确性。     

Development of an efficient and low-cost protocol for the manual PNA synthesis by Fmoc chemistry

An efficient and low-cost protocol for the manual synthesis of Peptide Nucleic Acids is reported here. The protocol relies on coupling reactions carried out with 2.5 equiv of PNA monomers activated with HOBT/HBTU, in the presence of pyridine/NMM. The protocol has been tested on four PNA oligomers with a length ranging from 9 to 12 bases and a purine content up to 67%.