MRI of hepatic lymphoma

Thirteen patients with biopsy proven hepatic lymphoma (2 Hodgkin, 11 Non-Hodgkin) and a control group of 15 patients with hepatic metastases were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by MRI. Focal hepatic lymphoma was most reliably detected (eight of eight patients) and appeared hypointense relative to liver on T₁ weighted (CNR − 7.4 ± 2.3) and hyperintense on T₂ weighted (CNR + 8.4 ± 2.9) images. The mean T₁ and T₂ relaxation times of focal hepatic lymphoma (T₁ = 832 ± 234 msec, T₂ = 84 ± 16 ms) differed significantly from adjacent non-tumorous liver (T₁ = 420 ± 121 ms, T₂ = 51 ± 9 ms; p < 0.05), however CNR values and relaxation times were similar to those of hepatic metastases. Diffuse hepatic lymphoma (microscopic periportal infiltration) was undetectable by MRI in three patients by either morphologic features or quantitative criteria. A mixed pattern of hepatic lymphoma (focal lesions and diffuse infiltration) showed focal areas of slightly decreased signal intensity on T₁ weighted images (CNR = −1.7 ± 0.4) while T₂ weighted images revealed multiple regions of focal hyperintensity (CNR = +13.3 ± 8.4) superimposed on a diffusely hyperintense liver. Our experience demonstrates that either T₁ or T₂ weighted techniques are useful in detecting focal and that T₂ weighted techniques are useful in detecting mixed hepatic lymphoma. Conventional image derived relaxation time measurements and quantitative parameters were of no additional diagnostic value.     

Cholera toxin-induced modulation of gene expression: elucidation via cDNA microarray for rational cell-based sensor design

Cell-based biosensors utilize functional changes in cellular response to identify the biological threats in a physiological relevant manner. Cell-based sensors have been used for a wide array of applications including toxicological assessment and drug-screening. In this paper, we utilize DNA arrays to identify differential gene expression events induced by toxin exposure for the purpose of developing a reporter gene assay system compatible with insertion into a cell-based sensor platform. HT29, an intestine epithelial cell line, was used as a cell model to study the cholera toxin (CT)-induced host cell modulation using DNA array analysis. A false positive model was generated from analysis of housekeeping genes in untreated control experiments to characterize our system and to minimize the number of false positives in the data. Threshold probability scores (−3.72), which gives <0.02% false positives for up/down regulation from the false positive model, were used to identify 73 and 25 known genes/expression tag sequences (ESTs) that were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in cells exposed 23 nM of CT. Using quantitative multiplex PCR assay, the gene expression levels for several genes shown to be modulated according to the microarray experiments, such as apolipoprotein D (Apol D), E-cadherin, and cyclin A2, were confirmed. The differential expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450, glutathione transferase (GST), and MGAT2 were noteworthy and consistent with previous studies. Our study provides an approach to analyze cDNA microarray data with defined false positive rates. The utility of cDNA microarray information for the design of cell-based sensor using a reporter gene approach is discussed.     

单发肺炎实变型肺MALT淋巴瘤的多排螺旋CT诊断及鉴别

目的分析单发肺炎实变型肺黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的多排螺旋CT（MSCT）表现，以提高其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析11例患者经手术病理证实的单发肺炎实变型肺MALT淋巴瘤的MSCT和临床资料。结果11例患者中右肺中叶5例，下叶2例，左肺上叶1例，下叶3例；大叶性实变7例，节段性实变3例，非节段性实变1例；2例病灶边缘模糊，类似于炎症，6例边缘模糊程度介于炎症与肺癌之间，3例边缘相对清楚；同邻近胸大肌密度相比较，9例病灶呈略低密度，2例与胸大肌密度接近，CT值39.6～53.3 Hu，平均42.5 Hu；11例病灶内部均未见明显坏死、囊变，9例病灶内见形态及走行相对正常的“空气支气管征”，其中3例内部同时伴有小囊腔；7例CT增强检查，均呈轻～中度较均匀强化，CT值50.5～85.7 Hu，平均66.1 Hu；5例病灶内见“血管漂浮征”；11例病灶均未见明显胸腔积液，2例病灶邻近胸膜增厚，2例伴有纵隔内淋巴结肿大。结论单发肺炎实变型肺MALT淋巴瘤CT上往往表现为肿瘤样的实变、炎症样模糊边缘，多轻、中度较均匀强化，内部常有固有结构的残留，部分可见“空气支气管征”及“血管漂浮征”。MSCT对该肿瘤的的诊断及鉴别具有一定价值。     

Inositol hexakisphosphate induces apoptosis,cell cycle arrest in non-Hodgkin’s Burkitt lymphoma cells and mediates anti-angiogenic,antitumor effects in T-cell lymphoma bearing Swiss albino mice

Cancer ranks top as one among the leading cause of non-infectious deaths in humans. Lymphoma occurs as an outcome of uncontrollable proliferation of immune cells. Dalton’s ascites lymphoma (DAL) is a well-established type of non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma of murine models. Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is a phosphate-storage antioxidant present in high volumes among cereals and legumes consumed as a human diet. Based on this background, in the present study, the cytotoxic effects of IP6 were studied in Raji cells, whereas, the antitumor and anti-angiogenic effects were tested in DAL-induced mice. IP6 possessed cytotoxic effects in vitro, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in Raji cells. In vivo, eighteen swiss albino male mice were divided into three groups of six mice each. IP6 was effective in prevention of blood vessel formation. The tumor burden reduced considerably as evidenced by body weight and tumor volume. The hematological and biochemical parameters were revived to near-normal in the treatment groups. The antioxidant profile improved significantly after treatment. Reduction in lipid peroxidation and the levels of cellular metabolites indicate the potential of IP6 in the inhibition of DAL-induced intracellular oxidative stress. Altogether, IP6 possessed cytotoxic effects in vitro with anti-angiogenic and antitumor effects in vivo.     

Primary lymphoma of the cervix: MRI findings with gadolinium

MRI evaluation of primary cervical lymphoma has not been reported. We report such a case of primary cervical lymphoma, a lesion well seen and well delineated from normal tissue by MRI. Although primary lymphoma of the cervix is a rare entity, the disease does exist and can be well demonstrated by MRI. We evaluated the MR appearance of this lesion with both nonenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced imaging.     

Quantitation of imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives in human and rat plasma using LC/ESI‐MS

Since several years, our group developed quinoxalinic compounds. Among the synthesized compounds, in the imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline series, EAPB0203 has shown interesting activities both on melanoma and lymphoma. The structure of EAPB0203 has been modulated and a new compound, EAPB0503, exhibits an in vitro cytotoxic activity on melanoma cancer cell line 7–9 times higher than EAPB0203. We validated an LC/ESI‐MS method to simultaneously quantify EAPB0503 and its metabolite EAPB0603 in human and rat plasma. Chromatography was performed on a C8 Zorbax eclipse XDB column with a mobile phase consisting of acetronitrile and formate buffer gradient elution. LC‐MS data were acquired in SIM mode at m/z 305, 291, and 303 for EAPB0503, EAPB0603, and the internal standard, respectively. The drug/internal standard peak area ratios were linked via quadratic relationships to concentrations (low range: 5–300 μg/L, high range: 100–1000 μg/L). The method is precise (precision, ?14%) and accurate (recovery, 92–113%). Mean extraction efficiencies, >72% for each analyte, were obtained. The lower LOQs were 5 μg/L. This highly specific and sensitive method was successfully used to investigate plasma concentrations of EAPB0503 and EAPB0603 in a pharmacokinetic study carried out in rat and would also be useful in clinical trials at a later stage.     

基于AFM的药物刺激前后淋巴瘤活细胞的形貌及弹性的变化

原子力显微镜(AFM)的发明为研究单个活细胞的形貌结构及物理特性提供了新的技术手段.然而,由于缺少合适的固定方法,利用AFM对动物悬浮活细胞的形貌进行高分辨率成像还面临着巨大的挑战.本文提出一种基于微柱阵列和静电吸附相结合的动物悬浮细胞固定方法.通过微柱阵列的机械钳制和多聚赖氨酸的静电吸附实现了对单个淋巴瘤B细胞的固定,并在此基础上利用AFM动态观测了不同浓度Rituximab刺激下淋巴瘤B细胞的表面形貌及弹性的变化.经过0.2 mg·mL-1的Rituximab刺激2 h后,细胞表面的褶皱增加,细胞的杨氏模量从196 kPa减小到183 kPa.经过0.5 mg·mL-1的Rituximab刺激2 h后,细胞形貌发生显著变化并出现突起结构,细胞的杨氏模量从234 kPa减小到175 kPa.实验结果表明淋巴瘤细胞形貌和弹性变化的幅度随着Rituximab刺激浓度的增加而增加,加深了对Rituximab作用效果的认识.     

Destruction of mouse lymphoma cells with high pressure pulses generated by a diaphragmless shock tube

A high pressure pulse, which was produced by a shock tube, was hit repeatedly on a pellet of mouse EL-4 T-lymphoma cells packed in a small test tube which was filled up with culture medium. The pressure pulse measured at the conical bottom of the tube had about 30 μs width and up to 8.4 MPa height depending on the driver gas pressure of the shock tube. The lymphoma cells began to be destroyed by hitting with 100 pulses having a peak pressure around 3 MPa. The fraction of dead cells in the tube exposed to the shock wave of 100 pulses rose exponentially as the peak pressure was increased from 3 MPa to 8 MPa. The fraction of dead cells at 6.0 MPa of the peak pressure was around 10%. However, proliferative function of the cells survived after exposure to 6.0 MPa-peak-pressure pulses seemed intact because the cells which survived the exposure proliferated as well as the nonexposed control cells.     

白血病细胞内磷酸单酯的31P核磁共振分析

对人早幼粒白血病细胞HL－60和人淋巴瘤白血病细胞Molt-4的^31P NMR谱进行了分析，HL－60和Molt-4细胞显示很强的磷酸单酯峰，磷酸单酯峰中包含有磷酸胆碱和磷酸乙醇胺；并进一步对磷酸单酯峰的特征及形成进行了分析；结果提示可能根据磷酸单酯峰的特征对癌进行诊断和分析。     

Two-dimensional molecular profiling of mantle cell lymphoma

The present research establishes standard two-dimensional (2-D) maps for control, reactive lymph node and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (mantle cell lymphoma, MCL). Medium sensitivity, mass spectrometry compatible colloidal Coomassie has revealed a total of ca. 750 spots in each of the maps. Comparison of 2-D maps by statistical packages, such as the PDQuest, established up- and downregulation of a total of ca. 145 spots, with positive variations of up to 10-folds and negative variations of up to 13-folds in both MCL biopsies' protein extracts. Qualitative and quantitative variations in the two lymphoma samples are consistent. More than 20 proteins have been so far identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)-mass spectrometry, with an additional five spots, which gave very good spectra but could not be matched to any of the presently available databases. Some of the spots, such as the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor and the glutathione S-transferase P, appear to be in common with other tumors, such as lung adenocarcinoma. Others may simply reflect overall changes in cellular metabolism and growth rate that occur during malignancy and thus might turn out to be in common with any cell population receiving any kind of stress. Some (notably T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A, TCL1, found to be 10-fold overexpressed) appear to be specific of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma here studied. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were applied to obtain further information about stathmin (Op18) and TCL1, respectively.