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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Raman-Hochdruckzelle vorgestellt, die es gestattet, druck- und temperaturabhängige Ramanstreuexperimente an flüssigen und festen Substanzen bis 7 kbar und 300 °C auszuführen. Die Zelle bietet die Möglichkeit der gleichzeitigen Messung von Volumenänderungen. Die Apparatur wurde zur Untersuchung der durch Druck eingeleiteten Kristallisation von Polyäthylen eingesetzt. Unter isotherm-isobaren Bedingungen wurde die Kristallisation anhand der Linienformänderung im CH2-twisting undLAM-Bereich verfolgt und mit den Volumenänderungen verglichen. Die Verschiebung derLAM-Frequenzen spricht für ein Dickenwachstum der Lamellen nach ihrer Entstehung. Das Ergebnis druckabhängiger Kristallisationsexperimente bestätigt die Vorstellung des Kristallitwachstums über die Bildung von Sekundärkeimen als geschwindigkeitsbestimmendem Schritt.Mit 13 Abbildungen 相似文献
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《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(4):1062-1065
Carbon capture and storage is an important strategy for stabilizing the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the global temperature. A possible approach toward reversing this trend and decreasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration is to remove the CO2 directly from air (direct air capture). Herein we report a simple aqueous guanidine sorbent that captures CO2 from ambient air and binds it as a crystalline carbonate salt by guanidinium hydrogen bonding. The resulting solid has very low aqueous solubility (K sp=1.0(4)×10−8), which facilitates its separation from solution by filtration. The bound CO2 can be released by relatively mild heating of the crystals at 80–120 °C, which regenerates the guanidine sorbent quantitatively. Thus, this crystallization‐based approach to CO2 separation from air requires minimal energy and chemical input, and offers the prospect for low‐cost direct air capture technologies. 相似文献
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G. R. Strobl T. Engelke H. Meier G. Urban H. G. Zachmann R. Hosemann V. Mathot 《Colloid and polymer science》1982,260(4):394-403
Zusammenfassung Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse von Röntgenkleinwinkel-Streuexperimenten und elektroenenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen an verzweigtem Polyethylen wird ein neues Modell zum Ablauf des partiellen Kristallisierens und Schmelzens entwickelt. Im Modell wird der Aufbau der Lamellarstruktur als sukzessive Einschubkristallisation beschrieben, die durch die Konzentration an nichtkristallisierfähigen Einheiten in den amorphen Bereichen gesteuert wird. Die Kinetik der Einschubkristallisation läßt sich durch dilatometrische Experimente verfolgen. Aus vergleichenden Röntgenkleinwinkel- und Ramanstreuexperimenten kann auf eine Anreicherung der Cobausteine an den Lamellenoberflächen geschlossen werden.Preprint zur 30. Hauptversammlung der Kolloid-Gesellschaft, 6.–9. Oktober 1981 in Ulm. 相似文献
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Madhuresh K. Choudhary Manjesh Kumar Jeffrey D. Rimer 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(44):15859-15863
Differentiating mechanisms of zeolite crystallization is challenging owing to the vast number of species in growth solutions. The presence of amorphous colloidal particles is ubiquitous in many zeolite syntheses, and has led to extensive efforts to understand the driving force(s) for their self‐assembly and putative roles in processes of nucleation and growth. In this study, we use a combination of in situ scanning probe microscopy, particle dissolution measurements, and colloidal stability assays to elucidate the degree to which silica nanoparticles evolve in their structure during the early stages of silicalite‐1 synthesis. We show how changes in precursor structure are mediated by the presence of organics, and demonstrate how these changes lead to significant differences in precursor–crystal interactions that alter preferred modes of crystal growth. Our findings provide guidelines for selectively controlling silicalite‐1 growth by particle attachment or monomer addition, thus allowing for the manipulation of anisotropic rates of crystallization. In doing so, we also address a longstanding question regarding what factors are at our disposal to switch from a nonclassical to classical mechanism. 相似文献
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Daliao Tao Zhiqin Wang Xiaoyu Huang Mingwei Tian Guolin Lu Ian Manners Mitchell A. Winnik Chun Feng 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(21):8309-8316
Fiber-like π-conjugated nanostructures are important components of flexible organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. To broaden the range of potential applications, one needs to control not only the length of these nanostructures, but the introduction of diverse functionality with spatially selective control. Here we report the synthesis of a crystalline-coil block copolymer of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (OPV5-b-P2VP44), in which the basicity and coordinating/chelating ability of the P2VP segment provide a landscape for the incorporation of a variety of functional inorganic NPs. Through a self-seeding strategy, we were able to prepare monodisperse fiber-like micelles of OPV5-b-P2VP44 with lengths ranging from 50 to 800 nm. Significantly, the exposed two ends of OPV core of these fiber-like micelles remained active toward further epitaxial deposition of OPV5-b-PNIPAM49 and OPV5-b-P2VP44 to generate uniform A-B-A and B-A-B-A-B segmented block comicelles with tunable lengths for each block. The P2VP domains in these (co-)micelles can be selectively decorated with inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles as well as metal oxide coatings, to afford hybrid fiber-like nanostructures. This work provides a versatile strategy toward the fabrication of narrow length dispersity continuous and segmented π-conjugated OPV-containing fiber-like micelles with the capacity to be decorated in a spatially selective way with varying functionalities. 相似文献
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