Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of isomeric alkylthiophenes (C20) and their occurrence in deep sea sediments

Six isomeric C₂₀ alkylthiophenes were synthesized in order to prove the occurrence of such compounds in various deep sea sediments. As expected from the analogy with the corresponding saturated hydrocarbons, 2- and 3-heptadecylthiophene have considerably longer relative retention times than the isomeric isoprenoid compounds, i.e. 2- and 3-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)thiophene and 3- and 4-methyl-2-(3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl)thiophene. Covats retention indices for all compounds were determined by isothermal analysis at 190°C on two different silicone-coated capillary columns. The mass spectra of the monoalkylated thiophenes show a base peak at m/z 98 corresponding to a Mcafferty rearrangement product in the case of the 3-substituted isomers, whereas a simple benzylic cleavage dominates in the mass spectra of 2-alkylthiophenes. 4-Methyl-2-(3,7,11-trimethylodecy)thiophene is an exception from this simple rule because also shows the McLafferty rearrangement as dominant fragmentation. Two of the isoprenoid thiophenes are prominent compounds in various deep sea sediments.     

Multidimensional separation of isomeric species of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as PCB,PCDD, and PCDF

A multidimensional GC-system containing two capillary columns of different polarities, operated within a double oven instrument, was used for the optimized separation of complex isomeric mixtures of various types of chlorinated aromatic compounds such as PCB, PCDD, or PCDF. Electron capture was applied parallel to flame ionization detection to obtain sensitive signals of the PCB or PCDD and the n-alkane standards required for identification by Kovats indices, respectively. Electron capture detection within a valvelessly operated MDGC system forced changes in the usual instrumental set-up, the live-switching coupling piece being located within the second oven of the double oven instrument. This oven is operated isothermally to ensure optimal and interference-free detection, for stable flow conditions within the coupling piece and for the determination of the isothermal retention indices (Kovats), which are much more suitable for identification by retention than the so-called “linear” indices.     

连接性指数与Kov(a)ts指数的相关性研究

在分子拓扑理论的基础上,提出一种新的拓扑指数——连接性指数~mG,其中。计算了12个系列94种分子的~0G、~1G值,发现~0G或~1G与这些化合物的Kovts指数具有很好的相关性。该模式计算方法简单,使用方便,预测结果理想。     

顶空进样GC-MS结合保留指数分析墨旱莲挥发性成分

采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-GC-MS)对墨旱莲的挥发性成分进行检测,并结合保留指数对其分析鉴定。结果检测到60个组分,鉴定出33个可能的组分,占挥发性成分的70.0%。该研究为墨旱莲药材挥发性成分的指纹图谱研究奠定了基础。     

气相色谱QSRR研究在质谱谱库检索定性中的应用

对质谱谱图相似的多取代烷基苯各位置异构体,根据一种从苯、单取代烷基苯及双取代烷基苯保留指数预测相关多取代烷基苯保留指数的方法,测定了基础化合物在OV－1毛细管柱上的保留指数,预测了相关多取代烷基苯在OV－1上的保留指数。利用该保留数据,结合质谱,给予了正确定性,从而解决了质谱谱库检索定性时对于各位置异构体难于定性的困难。     

Biparameter Equations for Calculating Kovats Retention Indices of Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Biparameter equations, in which one parameter is the boiling point of the solutes and the other is any of their physicochemical properties able to account for dispersive solute-stationary phase interactions, are obtained by regression analysis. These equations permit the calculation of Kovats retention index (I_R ) for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures with standard deviations close to experimental error. The linear change of regression coefficients with the work temperature allow us to obtain equations suitable for calculating I_R at any temperature on a given stationary phase. Furthermore, accurate values for the magnitudes included in the equations can be obtained starting from I_R values.

When alkylbenzenes are separated on polar phases, such as Carbowax 20M, it is necessary to add a new parameter accounting for inductive interactions. Once again, regression coefficients, except that of the boiling point which remains constant, change linearly with the polarity of the phase (Tarjan's scale) enabling the obtaining of an equation for calculating I_R on any stationary phase at a given work temperature, although constant deviations between calculated and experimental I_R , on polymeric stationary phases, are found.     

引种欧洲香型玫瑰精油化学成分研究

用毛细管气相色谱／质谱联用技术和气相色谱Ｋｏｖａｔｓ指数双重定性方法，从保加利亚，法国，土耳其和摩洛哥四国引种的欧洲香型玫瑰的精油中分别鉴定出９４个化合物，其主要赋香成分与原生产国家的十分接近。这一研究结果为首次报道并在中国扩大种欧洲香型玫瑰提供了科学依据。     

Vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of linear aliphatic alkanediamines

Vapor pressures and the molar enthalpies of vaporization of the linear aliphatic alkanediamines H₂N–(CH₂)_n–NH₂ with n = (3 to 12) have been determined using the transpiration method. A linear correlation of enthalpies of vaporization (at T = 298.15 K) of the alkanediamines with the number n and with the Kovat’s indices has been found, proving the internal consistency of the measured data.