聚4-重氮基苯乙烯与聚苯乙烯磺酸钠的自组装

1991年Ｄｅｃｈｅｒ等将带相反电荷的聚电解质 ,于水溶液中交替沉积在片基上 ,制备了多层超薄膜[1] ,这种制膜方法现称为静电自组装 .它操作简单 ,无需专用设备 ;一般在水体系进行 ,对环境友好 ;静电力比范德华力强 ,使它比ＬＢ膜稳定 ,所以近年来有很大发展[2 ] .现在自组装成膜驱动力已从静电力扩展到氢键力、电荷转移相互作用、疏水相互作用等 ,用于组装的组分也从聚电解质扩展到多官能团小分子、胶体粒子、无机纳米颗粒 ,ＤＮＡ、蛋白质等生物大分子等[3～ 11] .虽然自组装膜比ＬＢ膜稳定 ,但它也不耐极性溶剂、电解质水溶液等侵蚀 .如…     

THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY A WATER-COMPATIBLE HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYMERIC ADSORBENT

Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temperature range of 283-323 K were obtained and correlated with a Freundlich-type of isotherm equation, so that equilibrium constants KF and n were obtained. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all the four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from aqueous solutions are around 2 times as high as those of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be attributed to the unusual micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. The values of the enthalpy (always negative) are indicative of an exothermic process, which manifests the adsorption of all the four phenolic compounds on the two polymeric adsorbents to be a process of physical adsorption. The negative values of free energy change show that the solute is more concentrated on the adsorbent than in the bulk solution. The absolute free energy values of adsorption for NJ-8 are always higher than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which indicates that phenolic compounds are preferentially adsorbed on NJ-8. The negative values of the adsorption entropy are consistent with the restricted mobilities of adsorbed molecules of phenolic compounds as compared with the molecules in solution. The adsorption entropy values of phenolic compounds for NJ-8 are lower than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which means the micropores of NJ-8 require more orderly arranged adsorbate.     

MgO·nB_2O_3-18%MgSO_4H_2O体系0℃时的热力学非平衡态液固相关系

在MgO·nB_2O_3-18%MgSO_4-H_2O体系0 ℃结晶过程的动力学研究、用物理方 法和化学分析确定析出固相的组成和测定固相共饱和点的基础上，给出了该体系0 ℃时的热力学非平衡态液固相关系图。该相图存在四个相区，分别与H_3BO_3， MgO·3B_2O_3·7.5H_2O，MgO·2B_2O_3·9H_2O和2MgO·3B_2O_3·15H_2O（多水 硼镁石）相对应。结果表明MgCl_2和MgSO_4介质对镁硼酸盐的析出有不同的影响。     

A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF POLY（DIVINYLBENZENE-co-ACRYLIC ACID） IN CROSSLINKING PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION

Divinylbenzene-80 （DVB-80） and polar monomer acrylic acid （AA） having hydrogen bonding at a total monomer loading of 5 vol% were precipitated-copolymerized in a variety of organic solvents with 2,2＇-azobis（isobutyronitrile） （AIBN） as initiator. The experiments were investigated from a two-dimensional matrix, i.e., the actual crosslinking degree of DVB varying from 0 to 80% and the solvent composition varying from 0 to 100% of toluene mixture with acetonitrile, when the mixture of acetonitrile and toluene was used as the reaction solvent. Under various reaction conditions, six distinct morphologies including soluble polymers, swellable microgels, coagulum, irregular microparticles, and nano-/micrometer microspheres were formed and the structures of these polymer architectures were described. A morphological map was utilized to discuss the effects of both crosslinking degree of DVB and composition of solvent on the transitions between morphology domains. The results demonstrated that the microspheres are formed by an internal contraction due to the marginal solvency of the continuous phase and the crosslinking of the polymer network through the covalent bonding from DVB as well as the interchain hydrogen-bonding between the carboxylic acid units.     

p-硝基氯苯与α氰基乙酸乙酯-α-碳负离子的电子转移反应动力学研究: 非链式的自由基机理

在p-硝基氯苯(1)与α-氰基乙酰乙酯-α-碳负离子(2)的反应过程中, 测得了反应中间体p-硝基氯苯负离子自由基(3)的ESR谱。用ESR场/频联锁技术测定了(3)的ESR吸收强度-时间曲线, 当[1]《[2]时, 其结果与连续一级反应动力学相吻合。测得了从2向1的电子转移和3的分解反应速率常数和活化参数, 反应产物为α-氰基-α-(p-硝基苯基)乙酸乙酯和微量的硝基苯。为该反应提出了非链式的电子转移-负离子自由基分解-自由基偶合机理。     

STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF BLEND OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX/METHYL METHACRYLATE GRAFTED RUBBER LATEX BY GAMMA RADIATION

Natural rubber latex(NRL)and methyl methacrylate(MMA)grafted rubber latex were blended in different ratios and irradiated at various absorbed doses by gamma rays from Co-60 source at room temperature.The tensile properties, swelling ratio and permanent set were measured.The maximum tensile strength and modulus at 500% elongation were obtained at an absorbed dose of 8 kGy.Modulus increases from 6.99 MPa to 9.87 MPa for an increase in proportion of MMA grafted rubber from 40% to 60% in the blend at similar absorbed dose.Elongation at break and swelling ratio decrease with increasing absorbed dose as well as the MMA grafted rubber content in the blends.The decreasing trend of permanent set is high up to 5 kGy absorbed dose,and beyond that dose,it becomes almost flat.     

化学反应的内禀反应坐标法V. 顺-, 反-氟代乙烯基负离子异构化反应的反应路径解析

本文对顺-, 反-氟代乙烯基负离子异构化反应的反应途径进行了微观动力学解析。在RHF/4-31G水平上优化求得了反应物、过渡态及产物的平衡几何和总能量, 得到了活化能、反应热、A因子及活化熵等一些物理量, 从反应物到过渡态的振动相关表明: 正则振动模式是各自独立的; 键角H(1)-C-C的伸缩振动模式直接与内禀进动(IRC)相连结。这为模式选择化学反应的研究提供了信息。     

微机动力学光度法测定不同低聚合度硅酸的研究及其在甘蔗中存在量分析的应用

依据单、双和三硅酸与钼酸形成杂多酸的反应速度的不同, 建立了同时测定这三种硅酸的微机动力学光度法。此法应用于甘蔗中低聚合度硅酸的测定, 结果满意。     

伯硝胺酸催化分解动力学的理论研究

用SCF-MO AM1方法全优化计算了伯硝胺化合物(RNHNO~2, R=Me, Et, Pr^i,Bu^t和CH~2CO~2H)的几何构型和电子结构, 并求得15个反应的过渡态和活化能 . 分析静态结构和动力学特征, 发现取代基(R)供电性愈强, 标题物的酸催化分解速率愈大, 即相对速率为R=Bu^t＞Pr^i＞Et＞Me＞CH~2CO~2H; 溶剂化效应将降低标题物质子化过程的活化能, 有利于加速酸催化分解。     

由热重数据计算动力学参数

热重法(TG)是一种动态测量技术,可在程序升温或降温情况下对给定物质或体系提供一个连续的,以温度或时间为函数的重量变化曲线,所以由它跟踪反应能给出反应动力学的有关信息。这种非等温法与早期使用的等温法相比,有快速、连续和需要较少实验数据等优点,近年来在动力学研究方面得到广泛应用,但还只限于研究下列几种类型的简单