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1.
An electrochemical method has been developed for determining the relative amounts of V(II) and V(III) in polyolefin catalysts prepared using aluminum alkyls and vanadium trichloride. The catalyst, usually obtained as a slurry in n-heptane, is titrated potentiometrically with ceric sulfate using a platinum indicator electrode. Under proper experimental conditions, 2 breaks are obtained, corresponding to the reactions V(II) →V(III) + e and V(III) →V(IV) + e. Interferences from other components of the catalyst are negligible. The method is useful for the analysis of both laboratory catalysts and grab samples taken from pilot plant reactors. 相似文献
2.
Yiming Liu Stuart W. Bunting Shiming Luo Kunzheng Cai Qiangqiang Yang 《Natural Resource Modeling》2019,32(1)
Inappropriate development and overexploitation have seriously degraded aquatic resources in China. Stakeholders identified three fish stock enhancement and biodiversity conservation scenarios for the Beijiang River: S1, increased fish restocking; S2, no fishing season and habitat conservation; and S3, strict pollution control. Potential impacts of these actions on the livelihoods of fishers were evaluated using applied economic modeling. Baseline costs and benefits came from logbooks from 30 fishers and a survey of 90 households in three villages. The financial net benefit for a household was US$1583 (¥11,160) annually, representing a 142% and 387% return on capital and operating costs, respectively. Larger catches associated with S1 and S2 generated a net benefit of US$1651 and US$1822, respectively. Strict pollution control resulting in higher catches (+20%) and lower operating costs (?20%) would increase the net benefit by 15.9% to US$1835 annually. Pollution control would benefit other resource users and is a prerequisite for ecological restoration. Recommendations for Resource Managers
- Stringent pollution control measures are essential to conserve aquatic biodiversity and enhance the livelihoods of fishers but will require considerable public and private sector investment.
- Enhanced fish stocks in the Beijiang River could benefit poor livelihoods but may not be sufficient to lift households out of poverty, aged fishers require government assistance to diversify their livelihoods, access alternative urban employment, and survive with dignity.
- Adopting the economic modeling approach presented here could enable responsible authorities to simultaneously evaluate fish stock enhancement and biodiversity conservation options.
- Broader application of the approach presented here could help ensure small‐scale inland fisheries are managed sustainably and aquatic ecosystems are restored and protected by 2020, in line with Target 6 of the United Nations’ Convention on Biological Diversity Strategic Plan for Biodiversity.
3.
研究了济南地区不同功能区的表层土壤及沉积物中饱和烃的组成和分布特征,在此基础上初步分析了其来源.结果表明,饱和烃主要有正构烷烃、类异戊二烯、环烷烃等组成,正构烷烃碳数分布范围为n-C10-n-C34,类异戊二烯类主要是姥姣烷、植烷及甲基C13-C17烷等,同时还检出烷基环己烷,甾烷、三萜烷及藿烷等环烷烃.饱和烃总体含量分布为北高南低,北部化工区、高速入口处等饱和烃主要来源于原油或成品油等化石燃料及其燃烧产物;南部山区、水库沉积物及农田土壤等饱和烃主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧及高等植物. 相似文献
4.
The following review article provides an overview of oxidopyrylium [5+2] cycloaddition chemistry, with a particular emphasis placed on seminal historical developments and advancements made over the last decade. It is our hope this review serves as a valuable resource to those interested in the oxidopyrylium cycloaddition chemistry, and helps inspire future advancements. 相似文献
5.
A parameter study is performed for the case of two-dimensional sound propagation from a (source) city canyon to a nearby, identical (receiver) city canyon. Focus was on sound pressure levels, relative to the free field, in the shielded canyon. An accurate and efficient coupled FDTD-PE model was applied, exploiting symmetry of the source and receiver canyon. With the proposed calculation method, simulations were necessary in only half the sound propagation domain. The shielding in the receiver canyon in case of a coherent line source was compared to the shielding by an incoherent line source, by means of sound propagation calculations in a number of 2D cross-sections through source and receiver. It was found that the shielding is rather insensitive to the width-height ratio of the canyons. The presence of diffusely reflecting façades and balconies lead to an important increase in shielding compared to flat façades. Rigid façades yield significantly lower shielding compared to partly reflecting façades. Effects of a moving atmosphere were modeled in detail. Shielding decreases significantly in case of downwind sound propagation when comparing to sound propagation in a non-moving atmosphere. Refraction is the most important effect in the latter. In case of upwind sound propagation, turbulent scattering plays an important role and the shielding is similar to the one of a non-moving atmosphere for the parameters used in this paper. The combination of effects, as is shown by some examples, is in general not a simple addition of the separate effects. 相似文献
6.
该文概述了城市地质环境与城市发展国内外研究现状,指出了我国城市工程地质工作存在的问题,论证了地质环境与城市发展中主要问题的解决途径,提出了地质环境与城市发展研究与工作的一些建议。论文还介绍了与地质环境与城市发展密切相关的我国工程地质专业设置现状与发展趋势。 相似文献
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通常研究认为, 苏锡常地区超量开采地下水是产生地面沉降最主要的因素之一。锡山市地下水开采十分强烈, 其地面沉降灾害也最为严重。为了有效地分析研究地面沉降的发生发展过程, 必须获取一定时间间隔内的地面沉降实测值, 全球定位系统 (GPS)就是一种既经济又高效的测量手段。本文在简要介绍了锡山市地质、水文地质及地下水开发利用情况的基础上, 重点阐述了运用GPS测量技术对锡山市地面沉降进行首次实测的情况, 并对其测量结果进行了系统分析, 最后对锡山市地面沉降的发展历史和现状进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
10.
Alexander Scheeline John A. Norris J.C. Travis J.R. Devoe John P. Walters 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》1981,36(4):373-383
Light scattering was used to demonstrate the presence of small (?1 μm) particles in the immediate surroundings of a stable spark discharge. Several parameters, including electrode composition and surface condition, which are of importance in emission spectrochemical analysis, were found to be of importance in affecting the scattering signal. Electron micrographs of the heaviest particles revealed two distinct types of particles. Analytical implications are discussed. 相似文献