The antidepressant effect of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 2-naphthoate through monoaminergic,GABAergic system and BDNF signaling pathway

Abstract

Gastrodigenin, also known as 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), is one of the main components of Gastrodia elata, which is a perfect lead compound of natural products. In order to get new active compounds, we modified the structure of HBA through esterification with carboxylic acid, and got a series of derivatives in which 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 2-naphthoate (NHBA) showed stronger antidepressant activity than HBA. In this paper, we firstly evaluated the antidepressant activity of NHBA by tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Then, we carried out the biochemical assay and western blot to determine its mechanism. The results displayed that NHBA could increase the content of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in mice brain. It suggested that NHBA exhibited an antidepressant-like effect through monoaminergic system, GABAergic system and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.     

Thermal isomerization of trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether to pentafluoropropionyl fluoride

The thermal rearrangement of trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (MVE) to pentafluoropropionyl fluoride (PPF) under pressure with and without radical initiators has been studied. The reaction typically gives a mixture of different acyl fluorides. The influence of the reaction parameters (pressure, temperature, concentration, type of initiator and contact time) on the conversion and the selectivity of the process has been carefully examined. In addition, a mechanism which accounts for the formation of all the products has been proposed.     

Theoretical study of cyclization of 2′-hydroxychalcone

The isomerization mechanism of 2′(OH)chalcone (1) in flavanone (2) was studied. The calculations were performed with the semiempirical method AM1, using totally optimized molecular geometries. A 6-step mechanism including several equilibrium states was proposed. It was concluded that: (a) At the conformational equilibrium of 1 there could be 43.9% of s-cis conformer; (b) The acid dissociation of 1 trans-s-trans is considerable; (c) The E_E, ΔH_f and net charges show that the rotation of ring A of 1 and the formation of ring C of 2 occurs without greater impairments; (d) Although the keto structure is the most stable one, the enolate of 2 is present in the reaction medium; (e) The conversion of enol of 2 in the keto form would be the limiting step of the analyzed isomerization rate.     

A graph-theoretic approach to modeling metabolic pathways

Summary The metabolic pathways of medazepam, oxazepam, and diazepam were modeled using graph-theoretic transforms which are incorporable into computer-assisted metabolic analysis programs. The information, represented in the form of a graph-theoretic transform kit, which was obtained from these pathways was then used to predict the metabolites of other benzodiazepine compounds. The transform kits gave statistically significant predictions with respect to a statistical method for evaluating the performance of the transform kits.     

2-Propanol oxidation on platinum and platinum–rhodium electrodeposits

The electrocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol was investigated using on line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) on electrodeposited Pt and an arrange of bimetallics: Pt_0.84Rh_0.16, Pt_0.70Rh_0.30, Pt_0.55Rh_0.45. It has been observed that the Pt_0.84Rh_0.16 bimetallic electrode presented the best catalytic activity for 2-propanol electrochemical oxidation. Since 2-propanol is a secondary alcohol, only acetone and CO₂ are produced. The total yield of CO₂ and acetone has been determined from the DEMS measurements. It is found that acetone is the major product, as reported before for other electrodes. The acetone and CO₂ yield depends on the electrode composition. High amount of rhodium in the electrode composition strongly diminish the reaction rate as indicated by the decrease of both the acetone and CO₂ yield. However, acetone inhibition is much more intense. The only bimetallic electrode that presents considerable mass spectroscopy signals intensity for CO₂ and acetone is the Pt_0.84Rh_0.16 electrode. This electrode shows a slight increase in CO₂ selectivity, compared to the other electrodes studied in this work. Only very low coverages of stable adsorbates were present during the reaction. Two and one carbon adsorbate were observed for all the electrodes. Three carbon adsorbates were detected only for the Pt_0.84Rh_0.16 electrode. Therefore, acetone production does not require a stable adsorbate.     

长叶烯通过异构化,氧化和Prins反应合成新型香料

本文报道综合利用长叶烯（１）催化异构化为异长叶烯（２）及合成系列香料的方法；通过氧化反应合成不同香型烯醇酯类等；Ｐｒｉｎｓ反应合成系列化合物。鉴定了１０种香料化合物的香型。     

铝钛合金溴化物对直链烷烃异构化反应的催化作用

首次研究了铝铁合金溴化物的合成及其对直链烷烃异构化反应的催化作用,讨论了正戊烷的异构化反应,得到其动力学方程为1nC/C_0=-0.50t,表观活化能为26.3 kJ/moJ,测定了正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷在不同溶剂中、不同温度下催化异构化反应的动力学曲线,为铝铁合金溴化物的工业应用提供了理论依据。     

Electronic structure and the hydrogen-shift isomerization of hydrogen nitryl HNO2

Summary Electronic structure of hydrogen nitryl HNO₂, a yet not identified entity, and the path of its possible isomerization totrans-HONO have been investigated byab initio SCF and MRD-CI computations using the 6-31G** basis set. HNO₂ isC _2v -symmetric and its ground state (¹ A ₁) is less stable thantrans-HONO by 66 kJ/mol (with the SCF vibrational zero-point energy correction). The lowest two excited singlet states (¹ A ₂ and¹ B ₁) are nearly degenerate, their vertical excitation energies being predicted to be 4.8 eV. The isomerization path is traced by the CASSCF procedure and the activation barrier height is evaluated by the CI treatment. HNO₂ in its ground state isomerizes totrans-HONO by maintaining the planar (C _s-symmetric) structure. The activation energy is calculated to be 171 kJ/mol, which is clearly lower than the calculated H-N bond energy (253 kJ/mol). The transition state seems to be more adequately described as an interacting system of proton and the nitrite anion rather than as a pair of two fragment radicals.     

硝基氢的异构化及分解反应的从头算研究

用从头计算方法对硝基氢（ＨＮＯ２）体系的异构化及分解反应进行了研究，在６－３１Ｇ水平上，该化合物异构化为反式来酸的势垒为２９２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，且不易分解为Ｈ＋ＮＯ２或Ｏ＋ＨＮＯ。     

New process to control hydrolysis step during sol-gel preparation of sulfated zirconia catalysts

Sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared by sol-gel process using a new method allowing the control of the hydrolysis step of zirconium alkoxides. Prepared samples were characterized by N₂ adsorption (desorption) at 77 K, XRD, chemical analysis of total sulfur and XPS. Catalytic properties have been evaluated in n-butane and n-hexane isomerization reactions. Obtained results show that time necessary for gelation is significant and depends considerably on the nature of the zirconium precursor. Concerning the properties of the solids obtained by this method, it has been noted that the use of the zirconium propoxide led to a better retention of the sulfate species, which improves activity during isomerization reactions. It has been found also that an initial S/Zr molar ratio equal to 0.5 allowed to obtain an optimal sulfur content and a high specific surface area.