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Immobilized PS-C ‘Amano’ II lipase was used to catalyze the interesterification of palm olein (POo) with 30, 50, and 70% stearic acid in n-hexane at 60°C. The catalytic performance of the immobilized lipase was evaluated by determining the composition change of
fatty acyl groups and triacylglycerol (TAG) by gas liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively.
The interesterification process resulted in the formation of new TAGs, mainly tripalmitin and dipalmitostearin, both of which
were absent in the original oil. These changes in TAG composition resulted in an increase in slip melting point, from the
original 25.5°C to 36.3, 37.0, and 40.0°C in the modified POo with 30, 50, and 70% stearic acid, respectively. All the reactions
attained steady state in about 6 h. This type of work will find great applications in food industries, such as confectionery. 相似文献
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Masamichi Akimoto 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1998,74(1):31-41
In order to decrease the content of linoleoyl moiety in soybean oil, soybean oil that contains 22.8% oleoyl, 54.8% linoleoyl, and 7.1% α-linolenoyl moieties as molar acyl moiety composition was interesterified in hexane with oleic acid or α-linolenic acid, using an immobilized sn-l,3-specific lipase (Lipozyme® IM) fromMucor miehei. The reactions were carried out in a batch reactor at 37°C in the following system: molar ratio of fatty acid to soybean oil = 1.0 ~ 6.0, 5.0 mL of hexane/500 μmol soybean oil, and 10.0 or 15.0 batch interesterification units of enzyme/500 μmol soybean oil. Under these reaction conditions, the rates of interesterification of acyl moieties in soybean oil were of the order: stearoyl > palmitoyl > linoleoyl > oleoyl > α-linolenoyl, and the reaction with oleic acid occurred without a significant loss of α-linolenoyl moiety. At the molar ratio of 3.0 and the reaction time of 6 h, triacylglycerols (TGs), which contain 50.8% oleoyl, 38.8% linoleoyl, and 5.4% α-linolenoyl moieties, were produced in the reaction with oleic acid; TGs that contain 13.5% oleoyl, 40.8% linoleoyl, and 40.4% α-linolenoyl moieties were obtained with α-linolenic acid. Approximately 86-88% of the interesterification of linoleoyl moiety, which occurred in 10 h, took place within 1 h. 相似文献
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Marcos Reinaldo da Silva Marcos Carlos de Mattos Maria da Conceição Ferreira de Oliveira Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo Gonzalo de Gonzalo Iván Lavandera Vicente Gotor-Fernández Vicente Gotor 《Tetrahedron》2014
Several phenylalanine analogs have been synthesized through a four-step route starting from easily available ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate. In a first reaction, and making use of phase transfer catalysts, this compound reacted with several alkyl halides, being benzyltributylammonium chloride identified as the best one for the production of a series of quaternary amino acids in moderate to excellent yields (52–95%). Then, the corresponding N-acetyl-phenylalanine methyl and allyl ester derivatives were obtained through acidic hydrolysis, esterification, and N-acetylation. Rhizomucor miehei lipase was found as a versatile enzyme for the resolution of these amino esters, finding the best results through interesterification reactions with butyl butyrate in acetonitrile. A great influence in the stereoselectivity was found depending on the chemical structure of the compound, achieving for the non- or para-substituted in the phenyl ring excellent stereoselectivities, being moderate for the meta-nitro derivative, while the ortho-nitro amino ester did not react. 相似文献
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Ultrasound assisted intensification of synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using methyl acetate and immobilized lipase obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TLIM) as a catalyst has been investigated in the present work. The reaction has also been investigated using the conventional approach based on stirring so as to establish the beneficial effects obtained due to the use of ultrasound. Effect of operating conditions such as reactant molar ratio (oil and methyl acetate), temperature and enzyme loading on the yield of biodiesel has been investigated. Optimum conditions for the conventional approach (without ultrasound) were established as reactant molar ratio of 1:12 (oil:methyl acetate), enzyme loading of 6% (w/v), temperature of 40 °C and reaction time of 24 h and under these conditions, 90.1% biodiesel yield was obtained. The optimum conditions for the ultrasound assisted approach were oil to methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:9, enzyme loading of 3% (w/v), and reaction time of 3 h and the biodiesel yield obtained under these conditions was 96.1%. Use of ultrasound resulted in significant reduction in the reaction time with higher yields and lower requirement of the enzyme loading. The obtained results have clearly established that ultrasound assisted interesterification was a fast and efficient approach for biodiesel production giving significant benefits, which can help in reducing the costs of production. Reusability studies for the enzyme were also performed but it was observed that reuse of the catalyst under the optimum experimental condition resulted in reduced enzyme activity and biodiesel yield. 相似文献
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Butter fat was interesterified in a cosurfactant-free microemulsion system containing nonionic and ionic surfactants, using
commercial lipase obtained fromRhizopus niveus, at different concentrations of surfactant mixtures and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values. The results indicated
that the interesterification yield (IY) of lipasecatalyzed interesterified butter fat reached its maximum in the microemulsion
system prepared with the surfactant mixture of HLB value of 9, followed by that of HLB value of 10. In addition, increasing
concentrations of surfactant mixtures, from 3 to 6 mM, resulted by an increase in the IY. The interesterification of butter
fat in the microemulsion prepared with 3 mM of surfactant mixture of HLB value of 10 showed a minimum hydrolytic activity.
The results showed that the interesterified selected triacylglycerol molecules were enriched with the hypocholesterolemic
fatty acid C18:l, originally located onsn-1,3 positions, on theirsn-2 positions; this fatty acid was favorably interchanged with the hypercholesterolemic fatty acid C16:0, originally located
onsn-2 position. The results also indicated that the use of 6 mM of surfactant mixtures increased the acyl exchange reaction toward
the long-chain saturated fatty acid C16:0 on the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol molecules. 相似文献
7.
To provide a mathematical basis for the design and operation of a continuous, packed-bed reactor for the interesterification
of soybean oil, soybean oil that contains 22.7% oleoyl and 54.3% linoleoyl moieties as molar acyl moiety composition was interesterified
in hexane with oleic acid, using an immobilized sn-1,3-specific lipase (Lipozyme IM) from Mucor miehei. The reaction was carried out in a U-shaped Pyrex glass-made packed-bed reactor at 37°C in the following system: concentration
of soybean oil in the feed stream=12.5 wt%, molar ratio of fatty acid to soybean oil=3.0, and water content in the feed stream=1340–2340
ppm. At these water contents, Lipozyme IM gave practically the same catalytic activity, and the content of triacylglycerols
in the product oil was 91–94 wt%. Rate equations for the change in oleoyl and linoleoyl moiety compositions in soybean oil
were derived and their validity was confirmed experimentally. On the other hand, the catalytic activity of Lipozyme IM decayed
in the first-order fashion. Based on these deactivation kinetics, the flow rate of the feed stream is simulated for the operation
of a continuous, packed-bed reactor at 37°C that produces an oil of a fixed composition of oleoyl moiety. 相似文献
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The interesterification of olive oil with palmitic acid catalyzed by Rhizopus delemar lipase was investigated in phospholipid microemulsion systems. Soybean lecithin was used as the amphiphilic component. The maximal reaction rate was obtained at a buffer pH of 5.5–6.0. The reaction rate was also dependent on the WL (= [H2O]/[lecithin]) value and attained a maximum at WL = 5. The reaction rate reached a maximum at a palmitic acid concentration of 350 mM. The molar fraction of the interesterified product 1,3-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl glycerol (POP) in the olive oil was enhanced from 2.8 to 65.6 mol% after 24 h of the reaction. 相似文献
9.
《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(1-2):65-79
Castor oil was initially subjected to an interesterification reaction with linseed and tung oils and the resulting intermediate was used for the preparation of polyurethanes and their IPNs with poly(methyl methacrylate). They were characterized for their physico-mechanical, swelling, and thermal properties. The morphologies of IPNs were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. On comparing the mechanical properties of castor oil polyurethane (CU) and their IPNs (C-IPNs) with those of the castor oil modified with linseed and tung oil (L-IPN and T-IPN, respectively) it was found that L-IPNs showed higher tensile strength, hardness, and better compatibility than C-IPNs. All IPNs showed synergistic effect in elongation and exhibited similar thermal behavior with no significant change with respect to their composition. However, the castor oil polyurethane and their IPNs showed relatively higher elongation and better resistance to solvents. 相似文献
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