Spectroscopic Investigations on the Interaction of Crystal Violet with Nonionic Micelles of Brij and Igepal Surfactants in Aqueous Media

The behavior of the triphenylmethane dye crystal violet in aqueous solutions containing polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants was investigated using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The interactions of the dye were examined in micellar media in order to prevent dye aggregation and to ensure maximum dye and surfactant interaction. The relative fluorescence enhancements and the binding constants of the dye to the surfactant micelles were determined. The micropolarities of the micellar environment sensed by the pyrene probe were estimated from the I ₁/I ₃ intensity ratios of the fluorescence spectra of pyrene. The fluorescence quenching of pyrene by hexadecylpyridinium chloride was investigated in aqueous surfactant mixtures at a fixed concentration of surfactant in order to determine the aggregation numbers. Attempts were made to correlate the binding constants obtained in this investigation to various micellar parameters.     

Igepal CO 520/CnH2n+1OH/H2O体系的相行为与结构特性

随直键醇CnH2n 1OH的链长增加,IgepalCO520/CnH2n 1OH/H2O体系三组分相图中层状液晶区域增加,使得W/O区域上移,W/O区域中最大水增溶量处所需摩尔比CnH2n 1OH/IgepalCO520降低,W/O区域中水的最大增溶量（摩尔分数）却不变．层状液晶中CnH2n 1OH的最佳链长为n＞8,W/O区域中CnH2n 1OH的最佳键长为n＞10,即能获得比较好的与IgepalCO520的配伍性．     

Stabilization of nanodiamond dispersions with nonionic surfactant Igepal CA-630 in water and dimethyl sulfoxide

Nanodiamond dispersions in water and DMSO were stabilized with adsorbed layers of nonionic surfactant Igepal CA-630. Adsorption isotherms of Igepal CA-630 onto nanodiamonds from water and DMSO reveal the structure of the adsorbed layers. The stabilized aqueous dispersions retain their resistance to aggregation for at least 7 days, while the dispersions in DMSO are stable for 3 days.     

Igepal CO系列表面活性剂溶致液晶的结构特性

对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（IgepalCO）系列表面活性剂,生成何种溶致液晶与其EO基团数n有关,而在何浓度范围内生成溶致液晶则与生成溶致液晶的最低水含量及最大水增溶量有关．EO基团数n小于10时,生成层状液晶,n大于10时则生成六角状液晶,层状液晶两亲双层内,水与表面活性剂的最低摩尔比rmin和最高摩尔比rmax随EO基团数n增加分别是非线型增加与线型增加,在IgepalCO520（n＝5）中加入IgepalCO710（n＝10．5）,对层状液晶的生成无显著影响,在IgepalCO710中加入IgepalCO520,则对六角状液晶的生成产生显著影响,出现了六角状液晶向层状液晶的转变。     

Spectroscopic studies of 2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-6-nitro-benzo[de]isoquinolene-1,3-dione in water/alkanol mixed solvents and nonionic micelle of Igepal CO series

Spectroscopic studies of newly synthesized bioactive compound 2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-6-nitro-benzo[de]isoquinolene-1,3-dione (BNBIO) have been carried out in polar aprotic solvent, viz. acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxan, ethylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, and polar protic solvent, viz. methanol, ethanol, propanol, water. Variation in absorbance of BNBIO in water-methanol, water-ethanol and water-propanol mixtures at their different compositions have been observed. Absorption behaviour of the dye has been studied in poly(oxyethylene) nonylphenol surfactants Igepal CO 630, Igepal CO 720 and Igepal CO 890 containing same hydrophobic tail and different numbers of poly(oxyethylene) groups. Experimental results of the BNBIO nonionic micelles have been explained in terms of 1:1 electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexation and the complexation equilibrium becomes suppressed with increasing number of poly(oxyethylene) residue on the Igepal surfactant. Variation in binding constant of dye-micelle complexation has been rationalized considering a competitive equilibrium process between the BNBIO-water interactions.     

Nanofluorides

The present review article covers major aspects of inorganic chemistry of nanofluorides, including methods of their synthesis (thermolysis of the precursors, co-precipitation from solutions, reversed micelle technique, hydro- and solvo-thermal techniques, sol–gel method, etc.), nanochemical effects (enhanced chemical activity, self-organization and self-assembly, non-classical mechanism of the single crystal growth, synthesis of non-equilibrium phases), targeted preparation of 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures, surface modification of the nanoparticles, fluoride nanocomposites (glass- and nano-ceramics) as well as applications of nanofluorides.     

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of DDT-Type Compounds

Abstract

Four columns have been used experimentally in combination with an electron capture detector, which allowed the determination of 25 DDT-type compounds, some of which have been reported as DDT breakdown products in many biological and nonbiological systems. The liquid phases were 5% QF-i, 5% Igepal, 5% Versamid 900, and 5% DC-11. The solid support for the 4 columns was 80 to 100 mesh Chromosorb W. Optimal temperatures (°C) for the columns were 190 (column), 210 (detector), and 230 (injector port). Optimal nitrogen flow rate was 35 ml/min., for all columns. The trimethylsilyl derivatives of the polar DDT-type compounds, DBH, DDOH, Dicofol, and DDA were successfully gas chromatographed on the column 5% QF-1 and the mixed column 2.5% QF-1 + 2.5% SE-30.