Preparation and Characterization of Mixed‐Valent Nickel Oxide/Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Hybrid Films and Their Electrocatalytic Properties

Polynuclear mixed‐valent nickel oxide and nickel hexacyanoferrate hybrid film was prepared on glassy carbon electrode by multiple scan cyclic voltammetry. The film growth was monitored using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The cyclic voltammogram of the nickel hexacyanoferrate film is characterized by single redox couple whereas nickel oxide/nickel hexacyanoferrate hybrid film exhibits two redox couples. Cyclic voltammetric features suggest that the charge transfer process in both films resembles that of surface‐confined redox species. In stronger basic solution (pH ≥9), nickel hexacyanoferrate film was gradually converted into nickel oxide film during potentiodynamic cycling. The peak potential of nickel oxide redox couple moved into more negative side with increasing pH of contacting solution whereas the peak potential of nickel hexacyanoferrate redox couple remains the same. Electrocatalytic behavior of hybrid film coated electrodes toward ascorbic acid, hydrazine and hydroxylamine was investigated using cyclic voltammetry technique. Analytical application of nickel oxide/nickel hexacyanoferrate hybrid film electrode was tested in amperometry and flow injection analysis.     

Simultaneous Determination of Platinum and Rhodium with Hydroxylamine and Acetone Oxime by Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (CAdSV)

This paper describes a very sensitive catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) procedure for the simultaneous determination of traces of platinum and rhodium in new supporting electrolyte containing hydroxylamine or acetone oxime and formaldehyde in sulfuric acid medium. Platinum and rhodium were pre‐accumulated simultaneously and after 120 s of accumulation time at 0.0 V, the achieved detection limits were equal 0.1 ng L^?1 and 0.2 ng L^?1 for platinum and rhodium respectively in the presence of acetone oxime and 0.6 ng L^?1 and 0.2 ng L^?1 for platinum and rhodium respectively in the presence of hydroxylamine. Described reagents were successfully applied to the determination of platinum and rhodium in plant material. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) was used as a reference method to the CAdSV measurements.     

4,4′-Dihydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxyazodioxybenzene: an unexpected dimer formed during hydroxylamine extractions of wheat flour

Neutral hydroxylamine extracts of wheat contained a product that was colourless at pH<5 (λ_max 340 nm) and yellow at pH>9 (λ_max 400 nm). ESI-MS showed a major ion m/z 184.0 and a possible parent ion m/z 367.2 (MH⁺) suggesting that the product resulted from the reaction of 2,6-dimethoxy-p-quinone with hydroxylamine. However, mass spectral and other spectroscopic data indicated that the compound was neither of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-quinone oximes. A product with identical absorbance, mass spectrum, electrophoretic mobility and HPLC retention time as the pigment from hydroxylamine extracts of flour was observed amongst the reaction products of hydroxylamine and 1,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzene. The structure of this product was identified by NMR, 2D NMR and IR as 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxyazodioxybenzene.     

A mild conversion of arylboronic acids and their pinacolyl boronate esters into phenols using hydroxylamine

Hydroxylamine was found to be a mild reagent for conversion of arylboronic acids and their pinacolyl boronate esters into phenols. This procedure works on most arylboronic acids at room temperature, yielding phenols in moderate to good yields, and efficiently on arylboronates also yielding phenols in good yields.     

Conjugate base catalysed one-pot synthesis of pyrazoles from β-formyl enamides

A novel one-pot synthesis of pyrazoles has been accomplished by the reaction of β-formyl enamides with hydroxylamine hydrochloride catalysed by potassium dihydrogenphosphate in acid medium.     

Synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives using Fe3O4@SiO2@piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate (Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle‐supported IL) as a novel,green and heterogeneous catalyst

A simple, green and efficient protocol for the one‐pot four‐component synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c ]pyrazole derivatives produced from reaction between aryl aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of nano magnetic piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate was synthesized in water at 60 °C. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticle‐supported IL was designed and synthesized. The present process offers advantages such as clean reaction, short reaction time, good to excellent yield, easy purification and easy recoverable catalyst.     

A simple synthesis of 4-substituted 2,3-benzoxazinones from C-2 arylated 1,3-indanediones

A simple one-pot procedure for the conversion of 2-hydroxy-2-(2′-hydroxy-aryl)-1,3-indanediones to 4-substituted benzoxazinones has been developed. The process constitutes an interesting acid-catalyzed rearrangement followed by condensation with hydroxylamine.     

A new class of flexible energetic salts, part 6: the structures of the hydrazinium and hydroxylammonium salts of dinitramide

The crystal structures of two amine base salts, the hydrazinium, 1, and the hydroxylammonium, 2, of dinitramide have been determined. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2₁/c with cell dimensions a = 8.312(3), b = 5.654(1), c = 10.659(3) Å, = 93.73(3)°, while 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pcab (nonstandard setting of Pbca) with cell dimensions a = 6.439(2), b = 12.470(4), c = 30.816(14) Å. The structures of 1 and 2 contain protonated amine cations and dinitramide anions linked by hydrogen bonding. In addition, in 2 there are both neutral and zwitterionic hydroxylamine moieties involved in the hydrogen bonding scheme. Thus in 2 the complete formula unit is (NH₃ ⁺OH)₂[N₃O₄ ^–]₂ · (NH₂OH) middot; (NH₃ ⁺O^–), and in this structure the hydroxylamine exists in its three possible forms: protonated, neutral, and zwitterionic. In both structures the conformations adopted by the dinitramine anions can be related to the types of hydrogen bonds it forms with the surrounding amine cations.     

Electrocatalytic Determination of Hydroxylamine in the Presence of Thiosulfate in Water and Wastewater Samples Using a Nanostructure Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

In this research, we report the preparation of a high sensitive voltammetric sensor for electrocatalytic determination of hydroxylamine (HX) in the presence of thiosulfate (TS). We describe the synthesis and characterization of CdO nanoparticles (CdO/NPs) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. At an optimum condition, the two peaks are separated ca. 0.58 and 0.92 V for HX and TS at the surface of the proposed sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) of HX exhibited two linear dynamic ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.06 µmol L^?1. The propose sensor was used for determination of HX in water samples.     

Hydroxylamine-functionalised silica surfaces for biochip applications

The syntheses of triethoxy and trimethoxy silanes possessing an unprotected hydroxylamine group are described. The grafting of these coupling agents at the surface of oxidised silicon wafers was studied. Accessibility of the hydroxylamine group at the surface was demonstrated with chemical reagents, and the surface proved efficient for covalent immobilisation of peptides possessing the COCHO function.