Reactions of Fluoroalkenes with an Aluminium(I) Complex

A series of industrially relevant fluoroalkenes react with a monomeric Al^I complex. These reactions break strong sp² and sp³ C?F bonds, and result in the formation of a diverse array of organoaluminium compounds. Mechanistic studies show that two mechanisms are likely in operation: 1) direct oxidative addition of the C?F bond to Al^I occurs with retention of alkene stereochemistry, and 2) stepwise formation and decomposition of a metallocyclopropane intermediate occurs with inversion of alkene stereochemistry. As part of this mechanistic analysis, we have isolated the first aluminium metallocyclopropane complex from oxidative addition of an alkene to Al^I. Remarkably this reaction is reversible and reductive elimination of the alkene occurs at higher temperature reforming Al^I. Furthermore, in selected cases the organoaluminium products are susceptible toward β‐fluoride elimination to yield a double C?F activation pathway.     

Defluoroalkylation of sp3 C−F Bonds of Industrially Relevant Hydrofluoroolefins

A simple, one-pot procedure is reported for the selective defluoroalkylation of trifluoromethyl alkene derivatives with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction sequence allows construction of a new C−C bond in a highly selective manner from a single sp³ C−F bond of a CF₃ group in the presence of sp² C−F bonds. The scope incorporates industrially relevant fluorocarbons including HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze. No catalyst, additives or transition metals are required, rather the methodology relies on a recently developed boron reagent. Remarkably, the boron site of this reagent plays a dual role in the reaction sequence, being nucleophilic at boron in the C−F cleavage step (S_N2’) but electrophilic at boron en route to the carbon–carbon bond-forming step (S_E2’). The duplicitous behaviour is underpinned by a hydrogen atom migration from boron to the carbon atom of a carbene ligand.     

气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃催化剂的研究进展

氢氟烯烃(HFOs)是重要的精细化工中间体, 气相氟化合成HFOs具有可连续生产、 避免对反应釜的严重腐蚀等优点, 简化生产工艺已成为国内外生产氟化工产物的重要方法. 本文简要介绍了合成HFOs的常见催化反应类型以及反应机制, 并按照主催化剂成分分类概述气相氟化合成所用的催化剂, 介绍了各类催化剂的传统制备方法(如沉淀法等)和新的制备方法(如自组装法、 溶液燃烧合成法、 硬模板法、 静电纺丝法等), 以及催化性能, 提出了该催化剂的未来发展方向.