Glyoxylic acid in the reaction of isatoic anhydride with amines: a rapid synthesis of 3-(un)substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones leading to rutaecarpine and evodiamine

A dual reactant/catalyst role of glyoxylic acid in the reaction of isatoic anhydride with various amines afforded a novel, robust and rapid synthesis of 3-(un)substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. This metal catalyst-free reaction proceeds via an unusual and unexpected cleavage of C–C bond. A shorter and common route to two alkaloids, that is, rutaecarpine and evodiamine is also accomplished.     

吴茱萸生物总碱的TLC-SERS研究

报道了将薄层色谱(TLC)与傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼散射(FT-SERS) 联用, 获得了中草药吴茱萸中六种生物碱分子光谱研究的新方法。薄层色谱将微克级吴茱萸生物总碱中吴茱萸碱(Evodiamine)、吴茱萸次碱(Rutaecarpine)、羟基吴茱萸碱(Hydroxyevodiamine)、吴茱萸酰胺(Evodiamide)、二氢吴茱萸次碱(Dihydrorutaecarpine)和1,4-甲酰基二氢吴茱萸次碱(1,4-formyldihydrorutaecarpine)六种生物碱完全分离,应用薄层原位的傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼散射(TLC-FT-SERS) 技术, 获得吴茱萸生物碱分子的特征振动谱带, 进而阐述了样品分子在银胶表面的吸附模式。五种吴茱萸生物碱分子以π电子与银晶体微粒相互作用,呈平面吸附;吴茱萸次碱以N原子的n电子与银晶体微粒作用。在薄层色谱原位,可明显观察到六种生物碱FT-SERS的光谱主要特征峰位。各生物碱分子拉曼散射获最大增强的是波数为1 600 cm-1表征苯环环伸缩振动的谱带;羟基吴茱萸碱谱图中可观察到波数为1 342 cm-1羟基变形振动谱带,明显区别于其他生物碱。采用此方法,不用标准品即获得六种生物碱的指纹光谱。研究结果表明了TLC-FT-SERS对中草药化学成分进行高灵敏度示踪指纹检测的可靠性和优越性。     

Determination of evodiamine and rutecarpine in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Evodiamine and rutecarpine are two kinds of indole alkaloids contained in the fruit of Evodiae fructus, which have been shown to exhibit various bioactivities in humans. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method (LC–MS/MS) was developed for the determination of evodiamine and rutecarpine in human serum. The serum was extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed using a C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water (85:15) solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive mode, employing the extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) for detection and quantitation of evodiamine (m/z 288) and rutecarpine (m/z 304). Good linear relationships between the peak area and the concentration were obtained in the ranges of 5.2–1040 ng/mL and 10.2–1020 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.999 and 0.998, for evodiamine and rutecarpine, respectively. The repeatabilities (RSD, n=6) of quantitation for evodiamine and rutecarpine were 2.18–4.00% and 2.99–5.67%, respectively, and the recovery ranged from 90.5% to 98.1%. A comparative study of the different ionization and quantitation modes, including ESI–MS, ESI–MS/MS, APCI–MS and APCI–MS/MS, was also accomplished. The MS/MS fragmentation mechanism of the base peak ([M+H]⁺, m/z 304) of evodiamine was investigated in order to identify the analytes in more complicated body fluid samples.      

吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和去氢吴茱萸碱的碳氢NMR信号全指定

应用1DNMR和梯度2DNMR反相技术(gCOSY,gNOESY,gHMQC,gHMBC)研究了从疏毛吴茱萸中分离得到的三个生物碱:吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和去氢吴茱萸碱的结构,并对其碳氢NMR信号进行了全归属.     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of E-ring modified evodiamine derivatives as novel antitumor agents

A series of novel E-ring modified evodiamine derivatives were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. Their capacity to interfere with the catalytic activity of topoisomerase Ⅰ and Ⅱ was evaluated by the relaxation assay. In vitro antitumor activity results revealed that compound 12 showed good antitumor activity with a broad spectrum. Its binding modes with topoisomerase Ⅰ and Ⅱ were clarified by molecular docking.     

Optical evodiamine derivatives:Asymmetric synthesis and antitumor activity

Evodiamine and its derivatives have an asymmetric center at the C13 b position.Herein,isomers of evodiamine derivatives 2 and 3 were obtained by straightforward asymmetric total synthesis.Their inhibitory activities toward topoisomerases I and II and their cytotoxicities in cancer cell lines were evaluated.All the four isomers exhibited good to excellent antitumor potency and the(S)-isomers were generally more active than the(R)-isomers.The binding modes of(S)-2 with topoisomerases I and II were also clarified by molecular docking.     

Optimization of extraction of evodiamine and rutaecarpine from fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa using modified supercritical CO(2)

Evodiamine and rutaecarpine have been intensively studied due to their pharmacological actions and clinical applications. In this report, supercritical fluid was used to extract evodiamine and rutaecarpine from the unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa. Response surface methodology using Box-Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with methanol as co-solvent. The effect of various values of dynamic extraction time (30-90min), temperature (50-70°C) and pressure (200-400bar) on extraction yields of the two compounds was evaluated. Determinations of the extracts were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The experimental data obtained were fitted to second-order polynomial equations and analyzed by analysis of variance. The highest yields predicted were 1.217mg/g for evodiamine and 0.969mg/g for rutaecarpine at the optimal values (time 78min, temperature 62°C, pressure 280bar and co-solvent flow rate 0.4mL/min), based on the selected range of experimental conditions.     

Substrate scope in the direct imine acylation of ortho-substituted benzoic acid derivatives: the total synthesis (±)-cavidine

The direct imine acylation (DIA) and subsequent cyclisation of a range of imines with ortho-substituted benzoic acid derivatives is described. Variation in the coupling reagents, imine and benzoic acid were all examined. The DIA procedure was also applied in the total synthesis of (±)-cavidine.     

共同装载吴茱萸碱和Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁性药物载体的制备

以单甲醚-聚乙二醇-聚（丙交酯-乙交酯）（mPEG-PLGA）作为载体,采用溶液透析的方法共同装载抗癌药物吴茱萸碱和Fe₃O₄ 磁性纳米粒子. 通过透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱及体外释放实验、普鲁士蓝染色、体外毒性实验和磁靶向研究,综合评价了磁性纳米药物载体的性能. 结果表明,磁性药物载体胶束分散性良好,粒径均一,有较高的载药量和包封率,能够实现药物缓释,具有磁靶向特性.     

紫外分光光度法测定吴茱萸碱-β-环糊精的包合率

建立吴茱萸碱-β-环糊精的包合率测定方法。采用紫外分光光度法测定吴茱萸碱-β-环糊精的包合物中吴茱萸碱的含量,由此计算包合率。结果表明吴茱萸碱在225nm处有最大吸收,浓度在1.03—4.12μg.mL-1时与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为:A=0.1661C+0.0145,r=0.9997(n=7);平均回收率为99.06%,RSD为0.61%。本法操作简便易行,具有良好的重现性和精密度。