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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 14 毫秒
1.
Roberto?S.?Fernandes Gaspar?González Elizabete?F.?LucasEmail author 《Colloid and polymer science》2004,283(2):219-224
During oil production and treatment, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions are formed. These dispersions require treatment prior to disposal. In order to improve oil/water separation processes through any physical process (decanting, flotation, centrifuging etc), the particle size of the dispersed phase should be increased. This may be obtained by a flocculation process, which consists in the agglomeration of several particles or drops using as flocculating agent hydrophilic high molecular weight macromolecules. Poly (ethylene-b-propylene oxide) and poly (vinyl alcohol) polymers have been evaluated as flocculating agents for oily water systems. Their performance is related to the particle size increase of the dispersed phase. In this work, a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) has been used to accomplish the oil drop agglomeration. Synthetic as well as produced water was used. Data are in good agreement with previous tests. Qualitative information related to aggregates or particle size distribution of the oily water systems can be obtained using PDA. 相似文献
2.
In this article, we study the adsorption of protein ovalbumin (OVA) at corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SBO), olive oil (OO), and water interfaces along with the emulsification of these oils in water. The dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) measurements show a reduction in IFT in the order SBO–water?~?CO–water?>?OO–water, with OVA adsorption being dominated by the free diffusion of OVA at the interfaces. CO–water, OO–water, and SBO–water emulsions cream with time. The cream phase consists of jammed closed-packed oil droplets due to depletion-induced inter-droplet attractions with higher G′ and G″ (~700?Pa) for emulsions with 1?wt% OVA. 相似文献
3.
María-Teresa Celis Luis H. Garcia-Rubio 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(1-3):293-299
In emulsion polymerization, the formation of particles has an important effect on the rate of reaction and on the final properties of the latex. To investigate particle nucleation mechanisms in emulsion polymerization it is necessary to establish the initial conditions of the emulsified system before the reaction takes place. This research reports on a technique to continuously monitor the droplet size distribution of liquid-liquid emulsions using spectroscopy. The on-line particle characterization methodology is based on an integrated sampling and dilution strategy combined with spectroscopy methods. It is shown that the sampling system integrated with a multiwavelength turbidity detector provides reliable estimates of droplet populations as function of the dispersed phase concentration in emulsions of saturated hydrocarbons. The results provide not only the groundwork necessary for the elucidation of particle nucleation during emulsion polymerization process but also suggests the potential of this combined technology to further our understanding of liquid-liquid emulsions. 相似文献
4.
Stig E. Friberg 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(2):207-212
The evaporation paths in a system of three single‐compound phases in equilibrium were calculated using a phase diagram approach assuming the evaporation rate proportional to the compound's vapor pressure and molecular weight. The variation with time of the weight of the individual phases was linear, while the weight fraction was not. The approach allowed a simple calculation of the fraction of remaining compounds after one of them was exhausted during the evaporation and a convenient graphical illustration of the importance of the relative vapor pressures. 相似文献
5.
Abeer Al-Bawab Ayat Bozeya Stig E. Friberg Patricis A. Aiken 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(5):606-610
The phase diagram of fragrance oil, geranyl acetate, water, and a surfactant, Laureth 4, was used to calculate the surfactant association structures present in emulsions with constant O/W ratio for increased fractions of surfactant. The liquid crystal appeared in the emulsion at a critical value of the surfactant fraction and additional surfactant caused an approximately linear increase of it, while the fraction of the aqueous phase experienced a corresponding reduction. The result of the calculations was confirmed by optical microscopy observation with the samples between crossed polarizers. The calculations revealed the formation of vesicles from the liquid crystal to result in a drastic reduction of the “free” aqueous phase, due to the amount of the aqueous liquid forming the core of the vesicle. 相似文献
6.
A series of functional polyorganosiloxanes containing fluorocarbon side chain and amino groups had been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. The raw materials used were Octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), dodecafluoroheptyl-propyl-trimethoxylsilane (502) and γ-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (550), respectively. FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 19F-NMR were used to characterize the copolymer structures. The surface properties of the functional polyorganosiloxanes emulsions were discussed. The results showed that the functional polyorganosiloxanes containing fluorocarbon and amino side chains had low surface tension and excellent water repellency. 相似文献
7.
The individual compounds in an emulsion of tartaric acid stabilized by a commercial surfactant, Laureth 4, were brought into contact in order to estimate the deviation from equilibrium conditions during emulsion evaporation. The transfer of compounds between the phases was followed by visual observation of new phases appearing and the movement of the interfaces with time. The results revealed that, conversely to the equilibrium processes in the corresponding salicylate emulsions, in the present system the dissolution of the acid was faster than the formation of birefringent structures and the variation of different colloidal structures could be followed in the experiment. A suitable choice of initial ratio between the three compounds enabled the transfer of compounds to result in an early depletion of the solid acid and subsequently information could be obtained about the relation between the transport of surfactant and water-acid solution into the birefringent layer. A significant dependence was found between the composition of the entrants into the layer and the amount of surfactant liquid remaining. 相似文献
8.
Huixian Wei Jianguo Ma Zhengwu Wang 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(3):319-326
Formulation optimization of emulsifiers for preparing multiple emulsions was performed in respect of stability by using artificial neural network (ANN) technique. Stability of multiple emulsions was expressed by the percentage of reserved emulsion volume of freshly prepared sample after centrifugation. Individual properties of multiple emulsions such as droplet size, δ, viscosity of the primary and the multiple emulsions were also considered. A back‐propagation (BP) network was well trained with experimental data pairs and then used as an interpolating function to estimate the stability of emulsions of different formulations. It is found that using mixtures of Span 80 and Tween 80 with different mass ratio as both lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers, multiple W/O/W emulsions can be prepared and the stability is sensitive to the mixed HLB numbers and concentration of the emulsifiers. By feeding ANN with 39 pairs of experimental data, the ANN is well trained and can predict the influences of several formulation variables to the immediate emulsions stability. The validation examination indicated that the immediate stability of the emulsions predicted by the ANN is in good agreement with measured values. ANN therefore could be a powerful tool for rapid screening emulsifier formulation. However, the long‐term stability of the emulsions is not good, possibly due to the variation of the HLB number of the mixed monolayers by diffusion of emulsifier molecules, but can be greatly improved by using a polymer surfactant Arlacel P135 to replace the lipophilic emulsifier. 相似文献
9.
We compare extensive experimental results for the
gravity-driven steady drainage of oil-in-water emulsions with two
theoretical predictions, both based on the assumption of Poiseuille flow.
The first is from standard foam drainage theory,
applicable at low aqueous volume fractions, for which a
correction is derived to account for the effects
of the confinement of the emulsion. The second arises
from considering the permeability of a model porous
medium consisting of solid sphere packings, applicable
at higher aqueous volume fractions. We find quantitative
agreement between experiment and the foam drainage theory at low
aqueous volume fractions. At higher aqueous volume
fractions, the reduced flow rate calculated from the
permeability theory approaches the master curve
of the experimental data. Our experimental data
demonstrates the analogy between the problem of electrical flow and liquid
flow through foams and emulsions. 相似文献
10.
Encapsulation of materials in particles dispersed in water has many applications in nutritional foods, imaging, energy production and therapeutic/diagnostic medicine. Ultrasonic technology has been proven effective at creating encapsulating particles and droplets with specific physical and functional properties. Examples include highly stable emulsions, functional polymeric particles with environmental sensitivity, and microspheres for encapsulating drugs for targeted delivery. This article provides an overview of the primary mechanisms arising from ultrasonics responsible for the formation of these materials, highlighting examples that show promise particularly in the development of foods and bioproducts. 相似文献