全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4439篇 |
免费 | 399篇 |
国内免费 | 824篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4139篇 |
晶体学 | 23篇 |
力学 | 158篇 |
综合类 | 19篇 |
数学 | 75篇 |
物理学 | 1248篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 147篇 |
2022年 | 170篇 |
2021年 | 184篇 |
2020年 | 207篇 |
2019年 | 144篇 |
2018年 | 106篇 |
2017年 | 160篇 |
2016年 | 203篇 |
2015年 | 204篇 |
2014年 | 230篇 |
2013年 | 226篇 |
2012年 | 327篇 |
2011年 | 285篇 |
2010年 | 269篇 |
2009年 | 340篇 |
2008年 | 326篇 |
2007年 | 307篇 |
2006年 | 293篇 |
2005年 | 256篇 |
2004年 | 239篇 |
2003年 | 163篇 |
2002年 | 124篇 |
2001年 | 135篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 71篇 |
1997年 | 60篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 45篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5662条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Dong Zheng Fu-Quan Wang Yuan-Guang Li Liang-Hong Guo Jing Cheng 《Analytica chimica acta》2004,508(2):225-231
Optimized combination of chemical agents was selected for sensitive electrochemical detection of dissolved ruthenium tris-(2,2′-bipyridine) (Ru-bipy). The detection was based on the chemical amplification mechanism, in which the anodic current of a redox-active analyte was amplified by a sacrificial electron donor in solution. On indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, electrochemical reaction of the analyte was reversible, but that of the electron donor was greatly suppressed. Several transition metal complexes, such as ferrocene and tris-(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes of osmium, iron and ruthenium, were evaluated as model analyte. A correlation between the amplified current and the standard potential of the complex was observed, and Ru-bipy generated the largest current. A variety of organic bases, acids and zwitterions were assessed as potential electron donor. Sodium oxalate was found to produce the largest amplification factor. With Ru-bipy as the model analyte and oxalate as the electron donor, the analyte concentration curve was linear up to 50 μM, with a lower detection limit of approximately 50 nM. Preliminary work was presented in which a Ru-bipy derivative was attached to bovine serum albumin and detected electrochemically. Although the combination of Ru-bipy, oxalate and ITO electrode has been used before for electrochemiluminescent detection of Ru-bipy and oxalate, as well as electrochemical detection of oxalate, its utility in amplified voltammetric detection of Ru-bipy as a potential electrochemical label has not been reported previously. 相似文献
2.
3.
建立了一个四组分一维混合模型,对电子束注入大气产生大尺度等离子体的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明了能量为140keV、流强为50mA/cm2的注入电子束,可以产生线度为0.5m,密度为1012cm-3量级的大气环境下等离子体.电子束所伴随的空间电荷效应由于等离子体的产生会很快消失,不影响后续的等离子体产生过程.电子束注入流强主要影响产生等离子体的密度,而电子束能量则同时影响其空间线度和密度.
关键词:
电子束
碰撞
电离 相似文献
4.
A sample of 1233 events is used to study the general characteristics of {}^{16}O-Em interactions at 4.5 A GeV/c. Multiplicity and angular distributions of slow particles and correlations among them are discussed. The present data are compared with the corresponding results from the interactions of other projectiles at the same energy and also the same projectile at different energies. The results indicate that black particle production is independent of the energy and mass of the projectile, but for grey particles it is dependent on the mass of projectile. 相似文献
5.
Molecular electroactive monolayers have been produced from vinylferrocene (VFC) via light-assisted surface anchoring to H-terminated n- and p-Si(1 0 0) wafers prepared via wet chemistry, in a controlled atmosphere. The resulting Si-C bound hybrids have been characterized by means of XPS and AFM. Their performance as semiconductor functionalized electrodes and their surface composition have been followed by combining electrochemical and XPS measurements on the same samples, before and after use in an electrochemical cell. White-light photoactivated anchoring at short (1 h) exposure times has resulted in a mild route, with a very limited impact on the initial quality of the silicon substrate. In fact, the functionalized Si surface results negligibly oxidized, and the C/Fe atomic ratio is close to the value expected for the pure molecular species. The VFC/Si hybrids can be described as (η5-C5H5)Fe2+(η5-C5H4)-CH2-CH2-Si species, on the basis of XPS results. Electrochemical methods have been applied in order to investigate the role played by a robust, covalent Si-C anchoring mode towards substrate-molecule electronic communication, a crucial issue for a perspective development of molecular electronics devices. The response found from cyclic voltammograms for p-Si(1 0 0) functionalized electrodes, run in the dark and under illumination, has shown that the electron transfer is not limited by the number of charge carriers, confirming the occurrence of electron transfer via the Si valence band. The hybrids have shown a noticeable electrochemical stability and reversibility under cyclic voltammetry (cv), and the trend in peak current intensity vs. the scan rate was linear. The molecule-Si bond is preserved even after thousands of voltammetric cycles, although the surface coverage, evaluated from cv and XPS, decreases in the same sequence. An increasingly larger surface concentration of Fe3+ at the expenses of Fe2+ redox centers has been found at increasing number of cv’s, experimentally associated with the growth of silicon oxide. Surface SiO− groups from deprotonated silanol termination, induced by the electrochemical treatments, are proposed as the associated counterions for the Fe3+ species. They could be responsible for the observed decrease in the electron transfer rate constant with electrode ageing. 相似文献
6.
Investigation of the mean free path of projectile fragments produced in 16O-Em collision at 60 A GeV
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《中国物理》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Results are presented for an investigation of the mean free path of projectile fragments with charge 3≤Z≤8, produced by 60 A GeV {}^{16}O in nuclear emulsion. No dependence of mean free path on the distance from the point of the fragment emission is observed and our result is consistent with the nonexistence of anomalons. 相似文献
7.
8.
The electrochemical oxidation of 1, 3-benzenedithiol was investigated in a 0. 100 mol/L tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/acetonitrile electrolyte. The electrochemical techniques used were potential sweep, bulk electrolysis, rotating disc and the potential step method. The combination of the techniques yielded the number of electrons transferred per molecule, the reaction order, the transfer coefficient, the diffusion coefficient and concentration of dithiol anions, the standard heterogeneous rate constant as well as the formal potential and equilibrium constant of the preceeding dissociation reaction. This paper also illustrates the methods for studying the electrode kinetics of reactions which (a) involve a chemical reaction preceeding the electron-transfer process, (b) have insoluble polymer products, and (c) are totally irreversible. 相似文献
9.
一种改进的计算探测器校正因子的相关抽样方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于小尺寸探测器处于大块介质的情形, 在探测器的校正因子的Monte Carlo模拟中, 存在两个难题: 一是由于探测器尺寸很小粒子难以到达探测器并发生碰撞; 二是两个随机变量比值难以达到要求精度. 本文使用经过改进的粒子碰撞自动重要抽样方法, 再结合相关抽样方法, 解决了这两个难题, 并在MCNP-4C程序平台上加以实现. 除了粒子碰撞自动重要抽样以外, 还选用了其他3种方法: 直接模拟、区域分裂、强迫碰撞+Dxtran球分别与相关抽样方法结合, 对一个简化的探测器校正因子计算模型进行了计算. 实际计算结果表明, 相关抽样方法无论与哪种方法结合, 都起到了提高相关量计算效率的作用; 而它与粒子碰撞自动重要抽样结合, 比其他方法具有明显的优越性. 相似文献
10.
Dendritic nanocrystalline CdS film was deposited at liquid-liquid interface of surfactants and an electrolyte containing 4 mmol L−1 cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and 16 mmol L−1 thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) with an initial pH value of 5 at 15 °C by electrochemical synthesis. The nanofilm was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The surface morphology and particle size of the nanofilm were investigated by AFM, SEM and TEM, and the crystalline size was 30-50 nm. The thickness of the nanofilm calculated by optical absorption spectrum was 80 nm. The microstructure and composition of the nanofilm was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), showing its polycrystalline structure consisting of CdS and Cd. Optical properties of the nanofilm were investigated systematically by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. A λonset blue shift compared with bulk CdS was observed in the absorption spectra. Fluorescence spectra of the nanofilm indicated that the CdS nanofilm emitted blue and green light. The nanocomposites film electrode will bring about anodic photocurrent during illumination, showing that the transfer of cavities produces photocurrent. 相似文献