The study of the dehydration and dehydroxylation of smectites by emanation thermal analysis

The dehydration and dehydroxylation of the smectites, beidellite and montmorillonite (dioctahedral) and saponite and laponite (trioctahedral), were investigated by ETA, DTA, TG and X-ray diffractions. There are differences between the behaviors of di- and trioctahedral clays which are due to the differences in the ability of the exchangeable cations to migrate into hexagonal holes of the SiO₄ network and due to the fact that the dehydroxylation and recrystallization of dehydroxylated trioctahedral smectites occur simultaneously, whereas there is a temperature gap of about 300°C between the dehydroxylation and the recrystallization of dioctahedral smectites.Dedicated to Dr. Robert Mackenzie on the occasion of his 75th birthdayThe authors wish to thank Laporte Industries, Inc. UK for the laponite sample.This research was supported under Project No. C12-219, Grant No. HRN5544 G002069, U.S.-IsraelCooperative Development Research Program, Office of the Science Advisor, U.S. Agency for International Development.     

Convenient synthesis of 2-alkylamino-6-carboxy-5,7-diarylcyclopenteno[1,2-b]pyridines via direct acylamination with imidoyl chlorides

A robust synthetic method for 2-alkylamino-6-carboxy-5,7-diarylcyclopenteno[1,2-b]pyridines via acylamination at the alpha position of the functionalized pyridine system has been developed. The key step in this method was achieved by treatment of the corresponding pyridine N-oxides with 2.5 equiv of imidoyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine, thus producing the desired 2-acylaminopyridines in good yields (74-96%).     

Emanation Thermal Analysis of Precursors for Ruthenia-based Materials

Emanation Thermal Analysis (ETA) was used to characterize microstructure changes of hydrous ruthenia and hydrous ruthenia-titania as precursors for preparation of RuO₂ and (RuO₂)_0.9-(TiO₂)_0.l by heating in the temperature range of 20–600°C in argon. A good agreement was found between ETA, TG and DTA results, X-ray diffraction patterns and surface area measurements of intermediate products of the thermal treatment. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mahganese Determination In Blood Serum Using Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

Twelve procedures of sample pretreatment for manganese determination in blood serum were tested in comparable instrumental conditions. the best results were obtained by dilution of serum with diluted nitric acid, which leads to formation of an internal matrix modifier composed of calcium and phosphoric acid. Other procedures may also give satisfactory results, but then as standards aqueous albumin solutions should be used.     

浅析ETA物理认知模型在中学物理习题教学中的应用

物理习题教学是中学物理教学的重要环节,能够帮助学生提高运用物理知识解决实际问题的能力.基于ETA物理认知模型,针对理论物理认知题型、实验物理认知到理论物理认知题型和应用物理认知题型3类题型的习题特点,总结出每类题型具体的应对策略.在习题教学过程中教师需要强化学生的物理基本知识和理论,帮助学生做好从实践到构建物理模型的过渡,引导学生做好理论与实际生活联系,为提升习题教学的有效性提供参考.     

On some novel extended topochemical atom (ETA) parameters for effective encoding of chemical information and modelling of fundamental physicochemical properties

Extended topochemical atom (ETA) indices developed by our group have been extensively applied in our previous reports for toxicity and ecotoxicity modelling in the field of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs). In the present study these indices have been further explored by defining additional novel parameters to model n-octanol–water partition coefficient (two data sets; n?=?168 and 139), water solubility (n?=?193), molar refractivity (n?=?166), and aromatic substituent constants π, MR, σ _m, and σ _p (n?=?99). All the models developed in the present study have undergone rigorous internal and external validation tests and the models have high statistical significance and prediction potential. In terms of Q ² and r ² values the models developed for the datasets of whole molecules are better than those previously reported, with topochemically arrived unique (TAU) indices on the same datasets of chemicals. An attempt has also been made to develop models using non-ETA topological and information indices. Interestingly, ETA and non-ETA models have been found to have similar predictive capacity.     

Thermal behavior of Mg–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide characterized by emanation thermal analysis

Emanation thermal analysis (ETA) was used to characterize microstructure changes during heating of Mg–Al–CO₃ layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the temperature range of 293–1473 K. It was confirmed by ETA that the formation of an intermediate phase with grafted CO₃^2– anions in the hydroxide layers took place in the temperature range of 508–523 K and the formation of Mg–Al mixed oxide (MO) occurred in the range 623–773 K. The small peak of the emanation rate at 603 K indicated the degradation of the layered structure and the broad peak in the range of 1073–1273 K characterized the onset of the separation of the decomposition products of MO into MgO and Mg₂Al₄O₇. The ETA results revealed that dehydration of the product with grafted CO₃^2– anions occurred at lower temperatures than that of the initial Mg–Al–CO₃ LDH.     

Emanation thermal analysis study of synthetic gibbsite

Emanation thermal analysis (ETA) was used for thermal characterization of microstructure changes taking place during heating of synthetic gibbsite sample in argon in the range of 25–1200°C. Microstructure development and the increase of the surface area under in-situ conditions of the sample heating were characterized. The increase of the radon release rate from 130–330°C monitored the increase of the surface area due to the dehydration of Al(OH)₃. During heating of the sample in the range 450–1080°C the ETA results characterized the annealing of surface and near surface structure irregularities of intermediate products of gibbsite heat treatment. The mathematical model for the evaluation of the ETA experimental results was proposed. From the comparison of the experimental ETA results with the model curves it followed that the model is suitable for the quantitative characterization of microstructure changes taking place on heating of gibbsite sample. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.