EXAFS study of liposome-encapsulated cisplatin

The anticancer agent cisplatin encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes is studied with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) method. Analysis of local atomic structure around Pt atoms clearly indicates that the liposome-encapsulated drug is chemically stable and does not hydrolyze. Cisplatin forms a supersaturated solution in the liposome interior at a concentration about eight-fold above its aqueous solubility.     

利用小波变换进行海上目标识别研究

对海面舰船目标类型的识别,通常采用目视判读的方法。由于目视判读的方法不利于大面积侦察任务的快速识别,所以根据海上目标所具有的背景单一、结构复杂的特点,提出了利用小波变换所具有的多分辩率、易于消除噪声、运算方便的特点来提取舰船边缘特征,建立舰船结构特征数据库,实现舰船目标类型的自动判读。试验证明效果很好。     

第一讲中子散射与散裂中子源

中子散射是研究物质微观结构和动态的理想工具之一,广泛地应用于凝聚态物质研究和应用的众多学科领域.散裂中子源能是新一代的加速器基脉冲中子源,能为中子散射提供高通量的脉冲中子.文章简明地介绍了中子散射的特点和它作为物质结构和动态探针的优越性,以及散裂中子源的基本原理、发展状况和多学科的应用优势.我国计划建设的散裂中子源CSNS中,靶站将由多片钨靶、铍/铁反射体和铁/重混凝土生物屏蔽体组成.质子束功率100kW下,脉冲中子通量约为2.4×1016n/cm2/s.第一期将设计建造高通量粉末衍射仪、高分辨粉末衍射仪、小角散射仪、多功能反射仪和直接几何非弹性散射仪等五台典型的中子散射谱仪,以覆盖大部分的中子散射研究领域.     

Optimal vaccine scheduling in cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy aims at stimulating the immune system to react against cancer stealth capabilities. It consists of repeatedly injecting small doses of a tumor-associated molecule one wants the immune system to recognize, until a consistent immune response directed against the tumor cells is observed.

We have applied the theory of optimal control to the problem of finding the optimal schedule of injections of an immunotherapeutic agent against cancer. The method employed works for a general ODE system and can be applied to find the optimal protocol in a variety of clinical problems where the kinetics of the drug or treatment and its influence on the normal physiologic functions have been described by a mathematical model.

We show that the choice of the cost function has dramatic effects on the kind of solution the optimization algorithm is able to find. This provides evidence that a careful ODE model and optimization schema must be designed by mathematicians and clinicians using their proper different perspectives.     

液体可视图象序列中杂质小目标的检测方法

在分析红外图象和视图象差异的基础上，研究了一种适用于可视图像序列的运动小目标检测算法。受目标影响的象素点具有较弱的时间相关性，即相对普通象素点有较大的时间方差，根据此特征，用管道更新的方法产生新方差图象序列，再用管道更新的方法累积，增加信噪比，然后用基于统计均值的自适应门限方法分割出目标，最后将原图象的梯度倒数作为象素点强度的加权，有效地抑制灰度突变边界的传感器噪音，保存目标点。     

一种利用Gabor小波特征的目标跟踪方法

小波特征跟踪是一种新的目标跟踪方法。这种方法利用Gabor小波提取目标的边界特征来组成特征模板,并由小波滤波器系数组成特征向量。在跟踪过程中不断优化特征模板的旋转、尺度及平移等几何变形参数,使得小波特征向量值在最小平方和的意义上与初始值相匹配,从而实现目标旋转、尺度及平移等几何变形时的自动跟踪。实验表明,该方法能够有效地跟踪飞机、车辆等目标,并且能够抵抗全局亮度的变化和局部遮挡的干扰。     

Predictive control of periodic-review production inventory systems with deteriorating items

In this paper a predictive control strategy is applied to a periodic-review dynamic inventory system with deteriorating items. Given the current inventory level, we determine the optimal production rates to be implemented at the beginning of each of the following periods over the control horizon. The effectiveness of this approach is the use of future information of the inventory target level and the desired production rate, which are available, along the fixed horizon. The deterioration coefficient may be known or unknown and both cases are considered. In the case where it is unknown, the self-tuning predictive control is applied. The proposed control algorithms are illustrated by simulations.     

Future pathways for combinatorial chemistry

Summary Investment in combinatorial chemistry (combichem) in the pharmaceutical industry is being driven by the need for increased efficiency. Results from pioneers in the field have demonstrated where mixture or discrete compound synthesis is useful, and what mixture sizes and compound concentrations are appropriate. To make the techniques of combichem of general utility in drug discovery, a broad range of advances is still required. Conversion of organic chemistry to solid phase conditions is key, as are developments in linkers and resins. Library design methodology requires further development. Combinatorial biosynthesis of focused libraries of natural products holds great promise for capitalising on hardwon natural product leads. Miniaturisation of screens is required to reduce the cost of screening combinatorial libraries. Developments in the processes preceding and following synthesis are required to enable the flow of increased numbers of compounds without new bottlenecks developing. The impact of combinatorial chemistry will be greatly enhanced by synergy with ongoing parallel developments in genetic technologies, screening technologies and bioinformatics.     

一种基于粒子滤波的测向定位跟踪算法

基于多站测向定位提供的目标辐射源方位角信息,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的测向定位跟踪算法.该算法采用序贯蒙特卡罗的粒子滤波技术,对目标辐射源方位信息进行粒子滤波融合处理,实现了对机动目标辐射源的无源定位跟踪.仿真实验表明,该算法适用于非线性模型和非高斯噪声的目标跟踪,与传统的基于卡尔曼滤波的多传感器融合跟踪算法相比,定位跟踪更为精确,从而对提高战场电子目标定位跟踪和精确打击具有广泛的应用价值.