Nitrile ligands activation in dinuclear aminocarbyne complexes

The diiron complexes [Fe(Cp)(CO){μ-η²:η²-C[N(Me)(R)]NC(C₆H₃R′)CCH(Tol)}Fe(Cp)(CO)] (R = Xyl, R′ = H, 3a; R = Xyl, R′ = Br, 3b; R = Xyl, R′ = OMe, 3c; R = Xyl, R′ = CO₂Me, 3d; R = Xyl, R′ = CF₃, 3e; R = Me, R′ = H, 3f; R = Me, R′ = CF₃, 3g) are obtained in good yields from the reaction of [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(p-NCC₆H₄R′)(Cp)₂]⁺ (R = Xyl, R′ = H, 2a; R = Xyl, R′ = Br, 2b; R = Xyl, R′ = OMe, 2c; R = Xyl, R′ = CO₂Me, 2d; R = Xyl, R′ = CF₃, 2e; R = Me, R′ = H, 2f; R = Me, R′ = CF₃, 2g) with TolCCLi. The formation of 3 involves addition of the acetylide at the coordinated nitrile and C-N coupling with the bridging aminocarbyne together with orthometallation of the p-substituted aromatic ring and breaking of the Fe-Fe bond. Complexes 3a-e which contain the N(Me)(Xyl) group exist in solution as mixtures of the E-trans and Z-trans isomers, whereas the compounds 3f,g, which posses an exocyclic NMe₂ group, exist only in the Z-cis form. The crystal structures of Z-trans-3b, E-trans-3c, Z-trans-3e and Z-cis-3g have been determined by X-ray diffraction experiments.     

2-(Diphenylphosphino)benzoate-functionalized diiron ethane-1,2-dithiolate complexes with uncoordinated or coordinated phosphine ligand

Abstract

Treatment of the starting complex [Fe₂(CO)₆{μ-SCH₂CH(CH₂OH)S}] (1) with 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid in the presence of N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine gave the corresponding ester derivative [Fe₂(CO)₆{μ-SCH₂CH(CH₂O₂CC₆H₄PPh₂-2)S}] (2) in 92% yield. Further treatment of complex 2 with one equivalent of Me₃NO · 2?H₂O as the decarbonylating agent yielded diphenylphosphino-substituted complex [Fe₂(CO)₅{μ-SCH₂CH(CH₂O₂CC₆H₄PPh₂-2)S}] (3) in 79% yield. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy, as well as by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of these complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.     

Electrochemical, EPR and computational results on [Fe2Cp2(CO)2]-based complexes with a bridging hydrocarbyl ligand

The dimetallacyclopentenone complexes [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η³−C_αHC_β(R)C(O)}] (R = CH₂OH, 1a; R = CMe₂OH, 1b; R = Ph, 1c) were prepared by photolytic reaction of [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₄] with alkyne according to the literature procedure. The X-ray and the electrochemical characterization of 1c are presented. The μ-allenyl compound [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η²_α,β−C_αHC_βCMe₂][BF₄] ([2][BF₄]), obtained by reaction of 1b with HBF₄, underwent monoelectron reduction to give a radical species which was detected by EPR at room temperature. The EPR signal has been assigned to [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η²_α,β-C_αHC_βCMe₂}], [2]^•. The molecular structures of [2]⁺ and [2]^• were optimized by DFT calculations. The unpaired electron in [2]^• is localized mainly at the metal centers and, coherently, [2]^• does not undergo carbon-carbon dimerization, by contrast with what previously observed for the μ-vinyl radical complex [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η²-CHCH(Ph)}]^•, [3]^•. Electron spin density distributions similar to the one of [2]^• were found for the μ-allenyl radical complexes [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ-CO){μ-η¹:η²_α,β-C_αHC_βC(R¹)(R²)}]^• (R¹ = R² = H, [4]^•; R¹ = H, R² = Ph, [5]^•; R¹ = R² = Ph, [6]^•).     

C-C bond formation by cyanide addition to dinuclear vinyliminium complexes

The diiron vinyliminium complexes [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(R′)C(H)CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R=Me, R′ = SiMe₃ (1a); R = Me, R′ = CH₂OH (1b); R = CH₂Ph, R′ = Tol (1c), Tol = 4-MeC₆H₄; R = CH₂Ph, R′ = COOMe (1d); R = CH₂Ph, R′ = SiMe₃ (1e)) undergo regio- and stereo-selective addition by cyanide ion (from ), affording the corresponding bridging cyano-functionalized allylidene compounds [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(R′)C(H)C(CN)N(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂] (3a-e), in good yields. Similarly, the diiron vinyliminium complexes [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(R′)C(R′)CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R = R′ = Me (2a); R = Me, R′ = Ph (2b); R = CH₂Ph, R′ = Me (2c); R = CH₂Ph, R′ = COOMe (2d)) react with cyanide and yield [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(R′)C(R′)C(CN)N(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂] (9a-d). The reactions of the vinyliminium complex [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(Tol)CHCN(Me)(4-C₆H₄CF₃)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (4) with NaBH₄ and afford the allylidene [Fe₂{μ-C(Tol)C(H)C(H)N(Me)(C₆H₄CF₃)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂] (5) and the cyanoallylidene [Fe₂{μ-C(Tol)C(H)C(CN)N(Me)(C₆H₄CF₃)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂] (6), respectively. Analogously, the diruthenium vinyliminium complex [Ru₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(SiMe₃)CHCN(Me)(CH₂Ph)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (7) reacts with to give [Ru₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(SiMe₃)CHC(CN)N(Me)(CH₂Ph)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂] (8).Finally, cyanide addition to [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η³-C(COOMe)C(COOMe)CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (2e) (Xyl = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃), yields the cyano-functionalized bis-alkylidene complex [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η²-C(COOMe)C(COOMe)(CN)CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂] (10). The molecular structures of 3a and 9a have been elucidated by X-ray diffraction.     

Stereochemistry of the insertion of disubstituted alkynes into the metal aminocarbyne bond in diiron complexes

Terminal alkynes (HCCR^′) (R^′=COOMe, CH₂OH) insert into the metal-carbyne bond of the diiron complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(NCMe)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R=Xyl, 1a; CH₂Ph, 1b; Me, 1c; Xyl=2,6-Me₂C₆H₃), affording the corresponding μ-vinyliminium complexes [Fe₂{μ-σ:η³-C(R^′)CHCN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R=Xyl, R^′=COOMe, 2; R=CH₂Ph, R^′=COOMe, 3; R=Me, R^′=COOMe, 4; R=Xyl, R^′=CH₂OH, 5; R=Me, R^′=CH₂OH, 6). The insertion is regiospecific and C-C bond formation selectively occurs between the carbyne carbon and the CH moiety of the alkyne. Disubstituted alkynes (R^′CCR^′) also insert into the metal-carbyne bond leading to the formation of [Fe₂{μ-σ:η³-C(R^′)C(R^′)CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R^′=Me, R=Xyl, 8; R^′=Et, R=Xyl, 9; R^′=COOMe, R=Xyl, 10; R^′=COOMe, R=CH₂Ph, 11; R^′=COOMe, R=Me, 12). Complexes 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 and 11, in which the iminium nitrogen is unsymmetrically substituted, give rise to E and/or Z isomers. When iminium substituents are Me and Xyl, the NMR and structural investigations (X-ray structure analysis of 2 and 8) indicate that complexes obtained from terminal alkynes preferentially adopt the E configuration, whereas those derived from internal alkynes are exclusively Z. In complexes 8 and 9, trans and cis isomers have been observed, by NMR spectroscopy, and the structures of trans-8 and cis-8 have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Trans to cis isomerization occurs upon heating in THF at reflux temperature. In contrast to the case of HCCR^′, the insertion of 2-hexyne is not regiospecific: both [Fe₂{μ-σ:η³-C(CH₂CH₂CH₃)C(Me)CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R=Xyl, 13; R=Me, 15) and [Fe₂{μ-σ:η³-C(Me)C(CH₂CH₂CH₃)CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R=Xyl, 14, R=Me, 16) are obtained and these compounds are present in solution as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, with predominance of the former.     

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties of N-substituted diiron azadithiolates as active site models of Fe-only hydrogenases

As biomimetic models for the active site of Fe-only hydrogenases,six new N-substituted diiron azadithiolates (ADT) were prepared.Treatment of CH₂Cl₂ solutions of primary amines RNH₂ with paraformaldehyde followed by an excess of SOCl₂ gave N,N-bis(chloromethyl)amines RN(CH₂Cl)₂ (1,R = CH₂CO₂Et;2,C₆H₄C(O)Me-p;3,C₆H₄CO₂Me-p;4,C₆H₄SCN-p) in 30-90% yields.Further treatment of the chloromethylated amines 1-4 with (μ-LiS)₂Fe₂(CO)₆ in THF resulted in formation of the corresponding N-substituted ADT-type models [(μ-SCH₂)₂NR]Fe₂(CO)₆ (5,R = CH₂CO₂Et;6,C₆H₄C(O)Me-p;7,C₆H₄CO₂Me-p;8,C₆H₄SCN-p) in 24-75% yields.Also prepared were the N-substituted models [(μ-SCH₂)₂NC(O)CH₂C₁₀H₇-α]Fe₂(CO)₆ (9) and 1,4-[Fe₂(CO)₆(μ- SCH₂)₂NC(O)]₂C₆H₄ (10) by reaction of CH₂Cl₂ solutions of [(μ-SCH₂)₂NH]Fe₂(CO)₆ with α-C₁₀H₇CH₂COCl and 1,4-C₆H₄(COCl)₂ in 81% and 28% yields, respectively. All the new compounds 1-10 were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy, as well as for 5-7 and 9 by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic studies indicated that the functionality of 5 attached to the bridged N atom lies in an equatorial position, whereas those of functionalities of 6, 7, and 9 are located in an axial position. This is presumably due to different electronic and steric effects between the N-substituted aliphatic and aromatic functionalities. More interestingly, model 7 has been found to be a catalyst for proton reduction in the presence of either strong acid CF₃CO₂H or weak acid HOAc under electrochemical conditions. In addition, two mechanisms ECCE and EECC are preliminarily suggested for such two electrocatalytic H₂ production processes, respectively.     

An approach to water-soluble hydrogenase active site models: Synthesis and electrochemistry of diiron dithiolate complexes with 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ligand(s)

In order to improve the hydro- and protophilicity of the active site models of the Fe-only hydrogenases, three diiron dithiolate complexes with DAPTA ligand(s) (DAPTA = 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane), (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)₃][Fe(CO)₂(DAPTA)] (1, pdt = 1,3-propanedithiolato), (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)₂(DAPTA)]₂ (2) and (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)₂(PTA)][Fe(CO)₂(DAPTA)] (3), were prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The water solubility of DAPTA-coordinate complexes 1-3 is better than that of the PTA-coordinate analogues. With complexes 1-3 as electrocatalysts, the overvoltage is reduced by 460-770 mV for proton reduction from acetic acid at low concentration in CH₃CN. Significant decrease, up to 420 mV, in reduction potential for the Fe(I)Fe(I) to Fe(I)Fe(0) process and the curve-crossing phenomenon are observed in cyclic voltammograms of 2 and 3 in CH₃CN/H₂O mixtures. The introduction of the DAPTA ligand to the diiron dithiolate model complexes indeed makes the water solubility of 2 and 3 sufficient for electrochemical studies in pure water, which show that the proton reduction from acetic acid in pure water is electrochemically catalyzed by 2 and 3 at ca. −1.3 V vs. NHE.     

Diiron-aminocarbyne complexes with amine or imine ligands: C-N coupling between imine and aminocarbyne ligands promoted by tolylacetylide addition to [Fe2{μ-CN(Me)R}(μ-CO)(CO)(NHCPh2)(Cp)2][SO3CF3]

A terminally coordinated CO ligand in the complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)R}(μ-CO)(CO)₂(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R = Me, 1a; R = Xyl, 1b; Xyl = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃), is readily displaced by primary and secondary amines (L), in the presence of Me₃NO, affording the complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)R}(μ-CO)(CO)(L)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R = Me, L = NH₂Et, 4a; R = Xyl, L = NH₂Et, 4b; R = Me, L = NH₂Prⁱ, 5a; R = Xyl, L = NH₂Prⁱ, 5b; R = Xyl, L = NH₂C₆H₁₁, 6; R = Xyl, L = NH₂Ph, 7; R = Xyl, L = NH₃, 8; R = Me, L = NHMe₂, 9a; R = Xyl, L = NHMe₂, 9b; R = Xyl, = NH(CH₂)₅, 10). In the absence of Me₃NO, NH₂Et gives addition at the CO ligand of 1b, yielding [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(O)NHEt}(Cp)₂] (11). Carbonyl replacement is also observed in the reaction of 1a-b with pyridine and benzophenone imine, affording [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)R}(μ-CO)(CO)(L)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R = Me, L = Py, 12a; R = Xyl, L = Py, 12b; R = Me, L = HNCPh₂, 13a; R = Xyl, L = HNCPh₂, 13b). The imino complex 13b reacts with p-tolylacetylide leading to the formation of the μ-vinylidene-diaminocarbene compound [Fe₂{μ-η¹:η²- CC(Tol)C(Ph)₂N(H)CN(Me)(Xyl){(μ-CO)(CO)(Cp₂)] (15) which has been studied by X-ray diffraction.     

1,2-亚苯基二硫桥[FeFe]-氢化酶模拟物选择性光催化还原CO2至CO

利用基于非贵金属的分子催化剂通过光驱动催化CO2还原生成CO是将太阳能储存为化学能和缓解CO2温室效应的有效途径之一,具有重要的科学意义和潜在的应用前景.已报道的非贵金属分子催化剂,大多数对于光驱动CO2还原表现出缓慢的催化反应速率和/或对CO产物的低选择性,反应常常伴随着质子还原产氢反应,只有很少几种非贵金属分子催化剂对光催化CO2还原生成CO表现出高催化反应速率(>100 h?1)和高选择性.研究表明,双核过渡金属配合物由于分子中邻近的两个金属中心的协同催化作用,对于CO2还原生成CO的催化活性明显高于相应的单核配合物.因此,具有两个邻近的金属离子的非贵金属双核配合物有望作为CO2选择性还原的高效分子催化剂.我们最近的研究发现,具有刚性、共轭亚苯基二硫桥结构的[FeFe]-氢化酶模拟物[(μ-bdt)Fe2(CO)6](1,bdt=苯-1,2-二巯基)能够高活性、高选择性地光化学还原CO2至CO,而与其类似的模拟物[(μ-edt)Fe2(CO)6](2,edt=乙烷-1,2-巯基)则不具有光催化还原CO2活性,表明铁铁氢化酶模拟物中硫-硫桥的结构是影响模拟物的催化性能的重要结构因素之一.可见光照射1/[Ru(bpy)3]2+/BIH(BIH=1,3-二甲基-2-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[d]-咪唑)体系4.5 h,1催化生成CO的循环数(TON)为710,在初始1 h的转化率(TOF)为7.12 min^-1,CO的选择性达到97%,内量子效率为2.8%.有趣的是,向体系中加入TEOA时可以调节1的催化选择性,光化学反应能够在CO2还原产生CO和质子还原产生H2之间进行切换.此外,采用稳态荧光和瞬态吸收光谱研究了光催化体系中的电子转移,提出可能的光催化反应机理.该研究结果揭示了刚性硫-硫桥结构的氢化酶模拟物对光化学CO2还原至CO的特殊催化活性,拓展了铁铁氢化酶模拟物的催化多功能性.     

氧和碳酸根桥联的双核铁(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、结构和光谱研究

氧桥联的双核铁配合物一直是无机化学工作者十分感兴趣的研究课题 .近年来 ,由于在生物体内发现多种金属蛋白和金属酶的活性中心存在氧和羧酸根桥联的双核铁结构单元 ,如蚯蚓血红蛋白 [1]、甲烷单加氧酶 [2 ]、核糖核酸还原酶 [3]、饱和脂肪酸还原酶 [4 ]和紫色酸性磷酸酶 [5]等 ,使得对氧桥联的双核铁配合物的研究成为当前生物无机化学研究中的热点之一[6] .为进一步了解氧桥联的双核铁配合物的物理化学性质 ,我们在系统研究的基础上 ,合成了一个新的氧和碳酸根桥联的双核铁配合物 ,测定了其晶体结构 ,研究了其电子吸收光谱 .1　实验部分1 …