Rotaxane Synthesis by an End-Capping Strategy via Swelling Axle-Phenols

A method for rotaxane synthesis by enlargement of the size of the terminal phenol group of the axle component by aromatic bromination has been developed. This method may be regarded as an end-capping strategy involving the swelling of the phenol group at the axle terminal. The advantages of the present strategy include: ready availability of axle components with a variety of swelling precursors, wide product scope (19 examples given including a [3]rotaxane), mild conditions for the swelling process, rich potential for the derivatization of the brominated rotaxanes, and possible release of the axle component by degradative dethreading of the thermally stable brominated rotaxanes under the basic conditions.     

Electrochemically induced dethreading of a 2-pseudorotaxane based on the 1,2-bis(4,4′-pyridinium)ethane/24-crown-8 ether motif

Reversible electrochemical regulation of dethreading and rethreading of a 2-pseudorotaxane complex composed of a dibenzo-24-crown-8 ‘wheel’ noncovalently bound to the ethyl bridge of a bis-viologen ‘axle’ is demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry.