Construction of two fluorescence‐labeled non‐combined DNA index system miniSTR multiplex systems to analyze degraded DNA samples in the Chinese Han Population

MiniSTR loci have been demonstrated to be an effective approach in recovering genetic information from degraded specimens, because of the reduced PCR amplicon sizes which improved the PCR efficiency. Eight non‐combined DNA index system miniSTR loci suitable for the Chinese Han Population were analyzed in 300 unrelated Chinese Han individuals using two novel five fluorescence‐labeled miniSTR multiplex systems(multiplex I: D10S1248, D2S441, D1S1677 and D9S2157; multiplex II: D9S1122, D10S1435, D12ATA63, D2S1776 and Amelogenin). The allele frequency distribution and forensic parameters in the Chinese Han Population were reported in this article. The Exact Test demonstrated that all loci surveyed here were found to be no deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The accumulated power of discrimination and power of exclusion for the eight loci were 0.999999992 and 0.98, respectively. The highly degraded DNA from artificially degraded samples and the degraded forensic case work samples was assessed with the two miniSTR multiplex systems, and the results showed that the systems were quite effective.     

Variance-constrained dissipative observer-based control for a class of nonlinear stochastic systems with degraded measurements

This paper is concerned with the variance-constrained dissipative control problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with multiple degraded measurements, where the degraded probability for each sensor is governed by an individual random variable satisfying a certain probabilistic distribution over a given interval. The purpose of the problem is to design an observer-based controller such that, for all possible degraded measurements, the closed-loop system is exponentially mean-square stable and strictly dissipative, while the individual steady-state variance is not more than the pre-specified upper bound constraints. A general framework is established so that the required exponential mean-square stability, dissipativity as well as the variance constraints can be easily enforced. A sufficient condition is given for the solvability of the addressed multiobjective control problem, and the desired observer and controller gains are characterized in terms of the solution to a convex optimization problem that can be easily solved by using the semi-definite programming method. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.     

Determination of Polysaccharides in Undaria pinnatifida by Ionic Liquid-Modified Silica Gel Size Exclusion Chromatography

Ionic liquid-modified silica particles with a large pore size were synthesized and used as the stationary phase for size exclusion chromatography coupled with a refractive index detector for the determination of polysaccharides, such as fucoidan, alginic acid, and laminarin from Undaria pinnatifida (seaweed). The molecular weight of polysaccharide was determined by a dextran standard curve (5–1100?kDa). The ionic liquid-modified silica column exhibited excellent size exclusion properties in separating laminarin from other components. The 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-amino silica column has superior resolution in laminarin separation than the other columns because the amino-group in ionic liquid provide π–π interactions due to aromaticity of the ring structure, which enhances the effect of the hydroxyl group in the target compound separation. The concentrations of polysaccharides were calculated using a standard linear equation to be 0.332–0.484?mg/g of fucoidan, 0.207–0.301?mg/g of alginic acid, and 0.154–0.297?mg/g of laminarin.     

Fusopoltide A and fusosterede A,A polyketide with a pentaleno[1,2-c]pyran ring system and A degraded steride,from the fungus Fusarium solani

Fusopoltide A (1), a novel polyketide featured a pentaleno[1,2-c]pyran ring, and fusosteride A (2), a new steride with A/B-ring degraded, together with a known ergosterol peroxide (3), were isolated from a solid culture extract of Fusarium solani. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by detailed interpretation of their HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data and their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and the electronic circular dichroic (ECD) method, respectively. The postulated biogenetic pathways of 1 and 2 were also discussed. Compound 1 exhibits inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC₅₀ value of 3.45?μM.     

Evaluation of the protective capabilities of nucleosome STRs obtained by large‐scale sequencing

Partial DNA profiles are often obtained from degraded forensic samples and are hard to analyze and interpret. With in‐depth studies on degraded DNA, an increasing number of forensic scientists have focused on the intrinsic structural properties of DNA. In theory, nucleosomes offer protection to the bound DNA by limiting access to enzymes. In our study, we performed large‐scale DNA sequencing on nucleosome core DNA of human leucocytes. Five nucleosome short tandem repeats (STRs) were selected (including three forensic common STRs (i.e. TPOX, TH01, and D10S1248) and two unpublished STRs (i.e. AC012568.7 and AC007160.3)). We performed a population genetic investigation and forensic genetic statistical analysis of these two unpublished loci on 108 healthy unrelated individuals of the HeBei Han population in China. We estimated the protective capabilities of five selected nucleosome loci and MiniFiler? loci with artificial degraded DNA and case samples. We also analyzed differences between sequencing results and software predicted results. Our findings showed that nucleosome STRs were more likely to be detected than MiniFiler? loci. They were well protected from degradation by nucleosomes and could be candidates for further nucleosome multiplex construction, which would increase the chances of obtaining a better balanced profile with fewer allelic drop‐outs.     

降解裙带菜多糖对纳米硒的形成与稳定作用

在常温下的降解裙带菜多糖(Degraded Undaria Pinnatifida Charv. Suringer polysaccharide, DUP)水溶液中, 由适当过量的抗坏血酸(Vc)与二氧化硒(SeO2)反应制备纳米单质硒(Se0). 通过共振瑞利散射、激光散射和透射电镜(TEM)研究了DUP对Se0粒径的调控和在液相中的稳定作用. 结果表明, DUP通过控制还原速度和表面修饰而把Se0粒子调节在较窄的粒径分布范围内当Se0浓度为0.0507—3.245 mmol/L时, DUP表面修饰的球状纳米硒的平均粒径稳定地保持在24—65 nm范围内, 4 ℃时可在水溶液中稳定保存1个月.     

Simultaneous quantification of six phenylethanoid glycosides in some Turkish Scutellaria species by a new HPLC-DAD method

A new HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six main phenylethanoid glycosides (calceolarioside D, neocalceolarioside D, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, leucoseptoside A and martynoside) in the aerial parts of four Scutellaria L. taxa from flora of Turkey. All standard compounds showed a good linearity (R ² > 0.999) in a relatively wide concentration range (1–120 μg/mL). The LOD of the compounds was in the range of 0.104–1.295 μg/mL and the LOQ was in the range of 0.450–2.536 μg/mL. The recoveries of the selected compounds were calculated in the range of 97.46–117.85%. The amounts of the phenylethanoid glycosides showed variation in the extracts. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise and reproducible, and successfully applied to identify and quantify the phenylethanoid glycoside composition of Scutellaria species.     

Two New C—glucoside Flavonoids from Leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.

Two new C-glucoside flavonoids,namely 8-C-β-D-（2″-O-acetyl) glucofuranosyl apigenin and 3″-O-acetylvitexin, were isolated from beaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.Their structures were elucidated by the spectroscopic means and chemical evidence.     

Improved STR analysis of degraded DNA from human skeletal remains through in-house MPS-STR panel

DNA analysis of degraded samples and low-copy number DNA derived from skeletal remains, one of the most challenging forensic tasks, is common in disaster victim identification and genetic analysis of historical materials. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a useful technique for STR analysis that enables the sequencing of smaller amplicons compared with conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE), which is valuable for the analysis of degraded DNA. In this study, 92 samples of human skeletal remains (70+ years postmortem) were tested using an in-house MPS-STR system designed for the analysis of degraded DNA. Multiple intrinsic factors of DNA from skeletal remains that affect STR typing were assessed. The recovery of STR alleles was influenced more by DNA input amount for amplification rather than DNA degradation, which may be attributed from the high quantity and quality of libraries prepared for MPS run. In addition, the higher success rate of STR typing was achieved using the MPS-STR system compared with a commercial CE-STR system by providing smaller sized fragments for amplification. The results can provide constructive information for the analysis of degraded sample, and this MPS-STR system will contribute in forensic application with regard to skeletal remain sample investigation.     

Simultaneous determination of vitexin-2"-O-glucoside, vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside in the extract of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) leaves by RP-HPLC with ultraviolet photodiode array detection

RP-HPLC with UV photodiode array detection (UV-DAD) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin-2"-O-glucoside, vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside in the extract of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) leaves. The analytes of interest were separated on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm) with the mobile phase consisting of THF/ACN/methanol/ 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (pH 5.0) (18:1:1:80 v/vl/v). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min and the eluent was detected at 340 nm for the four flavonoids. The method was linear over the studied range of 1.00-100 microg/mL for the four analytes of interest with the correlation coefficient for each analyte greater than 0.999. The LOD and LOQwere 0.03 and 0.10 microg/mL, 0.03 and 0.10 microg/mL, 0.05 and 0.15 pg/mL, 0.10 and 0.30 microg/mL for vitexin-2"-O-glucoside, vitexin-2"-0-rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside, respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of four important flavonoids in the extract of hawthorn leaves. The total amounts of the four flavonoids were 22.2, 62.3, 4.27, and 8.24 mg/g dry weight for vitexin-2"-O-glucoside, vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside in the extract of hawthorn leaves, respectively.