Application of adaptive time-frequency decomposition in ultrasonic NDE of highly-scattering materials

In the paper, adaptive time-frequency decomposition by basis pursuit (BP) is utilized to improve ultrasonic flaw detection in highly-scattering materials as an alternative to the Wavelet Transform technique. The detection of ultrasonic pulses using the BP is described. Computer simulation was performed to verify the signal detection improvements for an ultrasonic wave embodied in white noise, and numerical results show good detection even for signal-noise ratio (SNR) of -18 dB. The improvement in detection is experimentally verified using cast steel samples with artificial flaws.     

De-noising of wayside acoustic signal from train bearings based on variable digital filtering

In the wayside Acoustic Defective Bearing Detector (ADBD) system, the recorded signal usually includes both the sound from train bearings and the other disturbance sources. The fact of heavy noise corruption and the Doppler Effect of multi-source acoustic signals would badly reduce the effectiveness of online defect detection of the ADBD system. In order to extract useful information from the multi-source signal with Doppler Effect, this paper proposes an effective de-noising method based on the variable digital filter (VDF) for the ADBD system. Specifically, the ridge extraction based on Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is applied to estimate the instantaneous frequencies (IFs), with which the fitting IF curves based on the Morse theory of theoretical acoustics could be achieved by using the nonlinear curve-fitting so that the parameters of the initial position of the acoustic sources could be calculated. By the aid of these parameters, the IFs according to the target train bearing could be then extracted. After that, the FIR variable digital filters could be designed with all the IFs which match the Morse theory with Doppler Shift so that the noise from the other parts could be effectively restrained after filtering the original signal. The effectiveness of this method is verified by means of a simulation with multi-frequency signals and applications to diagnosis of train roller bearing defects. Results indicate that the proposed method is effective.     

基于提升小波变换的矿物油荧光光谱去噪研究

矿物油的使用是造成雾霾等空气污染问题的重要原因。矿物油荧光光谱检测系统光谱消噪处理的有效性和快速性是在线实时监测系统的热点问题。研究应用提升算法小波变换(LWT)矿物油荧光光谱去噪的方法。与传统的离散小波变换(DWT)相比,提升小波变换将现有的小波滤波器分解成基本的构造模块,分步骤完成变换,结构简单,运算速度快。在矿物油荧光光谱去噪过程中具有运算量低、原位运算和便于实现的特点,有效解决了传统小波变换在这方面的不足。提升算法的小波变换、传统离散小波变换和经验模态变换(EMD)分别运用到0#柴油、97#汽油、煤油三种矿物油的荧光光谱去噪中,评价去噪效果指标的信噪比(SNR)、重构均方根误差(RMSE)和波形相似度(NCC)证明了提升方法小波变换用于矿物油荧光光谱去噪的有效性。同时,提升算法变换能提高构造的灵活性和运算的简单性使消噪时间降低62%,证明了提升算法的小波变换运用到矿物油荧光光谱去噪中的快速性,适于矿物油实时消噪处理系统。     

EEMD在土壤剖面反射光谱消噪中的应用

实测光谱常含有大量干扰信息, 消噪在光谱数据处理和分析中极为重要, 它直接影响后续的定量分析和信息挖掘。因此, 选择适当的消噪方法是改善光谱分析精度, 提升光谱分析能力的一个关键性突破。集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法是一个以信号固有特征尺度为度量的时空滤波过程, 能充分保留信号本身的非线性和非平稳特征, 在信号的滤波和消噪中具有较大的优势。结合EEMD的多尺度滤波特性, 提出了一种新的EEMD阈值光谱消噪方法, 并应用于新疆塔里木河中游典型绿洲33个土壤剖面反射光谱数据的预处理。为探讨EEMD阈值法在土壤剖面反射光谱消噪中的效用, 对EEMD阈值法和小波阈值法的消噪结果进行了对比分析。结果表明: 与传统的小波阈值法相比, EEMD阈值法消噪结果的信噪比从14.836 6 dB提高到34.275 7 dB, 均方根误差由6.786 1×10-5降到7.240 6×10-6, 相关系数从0.982 5提高到0.999 8, EEMD阈值法的三个消噪效果衡量指标均优于小波阈值法。证明了EEMD阈值法可有效地去除土壤剖面光谱噪声, 较好地保留了光谱的细节信息, 提高了光谱的定量分析精度, 且与小波阈值消噪方法相比具有较强的可靠性和自适应优势, 作为光谱数据预处理的一种新方法, 其应用前景良好。     

基于小波变换的体内外酒精含量近红外光谱检测与分析

应用小波分析对体外和体内的酒精近红外光谱信号进行去噪分析,通过体外光谱分析确定酒精吸收峰特征范围,为体内近红外光谱分析确定有效区间。软阈值和硬阈值下,分别采用缺省阈值、Birge-Massart阈值和最大最小值阈值,比较酒精光谱去噪,信噪比(signal noise ratio,SNR)和均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)去噪效果。结果表明:缺省硬阈值方法对酒精近红外光谱去噪的效果较好;小波变换可以有效去除酒精近红外光谱的噪声,提高信噪比,保留有用真实信号。在不同的酒精浓度下,去噪后的近红外光谱能够较好的显示浓度变化规律。小波分析在近红外光谱法对人体酒精无创检测及定量分析方面有较好的应用前景。     

光谱信号的小波去噪新技术

光谱分析中,噪声的存在常影响分析的准确度和检测限。现有滤波方法在光谱信号除噪方面有种种缺陷。文章充分利用小波在信号处理方面的优良特性,提出了Mexican Hat小波滤波算法,它选用Mexican Hat小波函数构造滤波项,利用滤波项与原始信号作用,从而实现信号与噪音的分离。该方法无论对低频或高频信号均适用,除噪完全,即使对信噪比为1的高噪声信号也能获取满意的处理结果。运用这一技术处理光谱信号,简单快速、结果可靠,处理后峰位置、峰高、峰面积误差分别小于0.2%,3.2%,1.1%。大量实验表明,本方法能有效提高光谱分析的准确度。     

An On-Line Wavelet Transform for De-Noising of High Performance Liquid Chromatograms

ABSTRACT

A novel algorithm of wavelet transform, called the on-line wavelet transform, which can be used in on-line processing of signals of an instrumental analysis, is proposed. And application of the on-line wavelet transform in denoising of high performance liquid chromatograms was investigated. Results showed that the noise in chromatograms was cleanly removed by the method, peak position after the on-line de-noising dose not change, and the linearity of calibration curves of concentration versus peak area remained and even was improved. Quantitative determination of three mixed samples were investigated with five standard samples; the recoveries were between 94.0-105.0%.     

小波阈值降噪模型在红外光谱信号处理中的应用研究

针对近红外光谱经常受到噪声干扰的特点,提出了利用小波阈值降噪方法进行光谱数据的降噪处理,以山羊绒表面油脂的近红外光谱检测为例,对比分析了三种小波阈值降噪模型(Penalty阈值降噪模型、Brige-Massart阈值降噪模型、缺省阈值降噪模型)的降噪性能。对降噪后的光谱数据采用偏最小二乘和支持向量机回归相结合建立了校正和预测模型,通过对比校验参数R2,RMSEC,RMSEP,分析评价了三种小波阈值降噪模型的降噪效果。结果表明: 三种降噪模型都能在一定程度上降低光谱信号的噪声,提高信噪比,改善光谱预测模型的精度,其中,Brige-Massart阈值降噪模型和缺省阈值降噪模型的降噪效果明显优于Penalty阈值降噪模型,与原始光谱信号建模的预测精度(R2=0.793,RMSEC=0.233,RMSEP=0.225)相比较,经过Brige-Massart阈值降噪模型降噪后的光谱信号建模的预测精度(R2=0.882,RMSEC=0.144,RMSEP=0.136)和经过缺省阈值降噪模型降噪后的光谱信号建模的预测精度(R2=0.876,RMSEC=0.151,RMSEP=0.142)均有较大程度的改善和提高,说明提出的小波阈值降噪方法能有效地降低原始光谱噪声作用,使光谱数据多变量分析模型更具有代表性和稳健性, 从而可以提高模型的预测精度。     

一种基于小波变换的红外小目标去噪算法

 研究了复杂背景下红外小目标图像的去噪问题,鉴于小波阈值法去噪的缺点,结合小波变换的去相关性和能量紧支性,提出一种新的去噪方法。考虑到实际中的复杂背景和大量干扰,弱小目标通常占有很少像素,首先对红外小目标图像进行二级小波变换,然后根据新的算法对变换所得小波细节系数进行邻域运算,最后通过小波逆变换得到处理后的图像。 实验中采用Db3小波基函数,分别对两帧低信噪比原始图像进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法能很好地保存小目标的形状特征,抑制背景,达到较好的去噪效果。     

基于提升小波改进型阈值函数的雷达生命信号去噪技术

通过引入生物电理论,完善了连续波雷达生命信号的理论模型;采用提升小波变换和改进型阈值函数去噪技术对强噪声干扰的雷达生命信号进行去噪处理,将166.67mm波长雷达生命信号的信噪比由2.046 8优化到6.696 9,均方误差由1.763 9优化到0.909 9;8.57mm波长雷达生命信号的信噪比由0.942 6优化到2.541 8,均方误差由1.980 6优化到1.286 0.结果表明:本文建立的连续波雷达生命信号理论模型与实际情况相符,采用的去噪方案适用于雷达生命检测系统不同波长的雷达波.