Classification of cultivation area of ginseng by near infrared spectroscopy and ICP-AES

A rapid and nondestructive near infrared (NIR) method using soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) for the classification of cultivation area (Korea and China) was evaluated and confirmed. Raw, first, and second derivative NIR spectra were compared to develop a robust classification rule. The chemical properties of ginseng samples were also investigated to find out the differences between Korean samples and Chinese samples. These differences make NIR spectroscopic method viable. The average value of each Korean and Chinese ginseng sample for crude fiber, crude protein, starch, and 10 inorganic constituents were measured and compared with F-test and t-test. The inorganic constituents were also measured by induced coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). It could be found that the amount of starch and ten inorganic elements for example Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn in ginseng samples are considerably different based on cultivation area. SIMCA has been applied to the inorganic data to investigate the possibility of ICP-AES as classification tool. However, it was observed that the result was not equal to than NIR spectra data. The overall results showed the availability of NIR method using SIMCA would be adequate for classification of cultivation of ginseng, since NIR spectra includes useful and various information on chemical properties in spite of broad and overlapped bands.     

Phonon spectroscopy of photochemical reactions in organic solids: Photodimerization of 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone

The Raman phonon spectroscopic study shows that the photodimerization of 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone. In the solid state is initially a homogeneous reaction but later becomes heterogeneous as the product accumulates. The Ion-temperature electronic absorption spectrum reveals that the reaction is phonon assisted by a polaron formed due to a strong electron- phonon coupling in the cxcited ¹nπ^* state.     

Evaluation of epifluorescence image analysis of biofilm growth on stainless steel surfaces

Biofilm growth of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fragi, Pediococcus inopinatus and Listeria monocytogenes was studied on stainless steel surfaces at room and low temperatures to evaluate the results of traditional hygiene measures. The results were compared with those of image analysis of stainless steel surfaces in an epifluorescence microscope. Statistical analyses were carried out to determine the variations between the conventional cultivation swab method, the glycocalyx amount obtained using swabbing, and the values of the areas of the biofilm, slime and cells. As a general rule, old biofilms showed total counts at approximately the same levels as the young biofilm. The results showed that temperature affected the results for all strains except B. subtilis. The strains of Pe. inopinatus and Ps. fragi showed increased attachment at 6°C and L. monocytogenes at 25°C. The biofilm slime was more easily detached than the cells. The results indicated that the traditional swab method is not reliable for the measurement of biofilm formation on surfaces.     

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Characterization of Panax Notoginseng Roots

The radix of Panax notoginseng is an important herbal resource for clinics, commercial markets, and the health industry worldwide. The quality of P. notoginseng roots is known to be associated with its cultivation age. This study used ¹H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectrometry-based metabolic profiling to characterize P. notoginseng roots. Twenty metabolites—including four ginsenosides—contributed to the composition of P. notoginseng according to age. A partial least-squares regression model using a combined data set from two solvent systems was the best predictor of cultivation age. Finally, receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was used to screen potential markers of P. notoginseng root age. These results may be applied to the development of medicinal and nutraceutical products using P. notoginseng roots.     

武汉大学"化学拔尖计划"的探索与实施

详细介绍了武汉大学"化学拔尖计划"的探索与实施,包括学生的选拔机制、培养模式和管理模式。学生的选拔依照"严入口、小规模、高水平"的原则进行;从课程体系、教学内容、教学方法和评价机制四个方面介绍了学生的培养模式;对学生的管理采用导师制和书院制并行的方式。     

人参栽培研究进展

人参作为经济作物在中国有着数千年的种植历史。人参具有多种药理活性,在食品、医药和化妆品等领域有着广泛的应用。然而,目前人参的实际产量并不能满足市场需求。提升人参生产效率仍是当前阶段人参种植研究工作的首要目标。近些年,在人参选地、种子处理、播种、搭棚、培育和采收等生产环节中,涌现了许多新模式、新技术、新方法和新仪器。本文从栽培模式和技术角度综述人参栽培的研究现状,希望为进一步提升人参生产效率提供参考。     

如何在基础无机化学实验课中培养本科生的科研思维——以实验“[Co(NH3)6]Cl3的制备”的改革为例

针对基础无机化学实验教学中学生理论联系实际能力不足、对实验课不够重视以及实验课教学效果难以达到预期等问题,本文以[Co(NH_3)_6]Cl_3的制备为教学案例,通过预设问题促进学生积极思考,达到深刻理解实验内容的目的。通过新旧教学法的对比,提出在无机化学实验教学中,以"问题设置法"进行本科生科学思维培养的改革方案。     

微量元素锌在山药栽培中的应用

通过田间小区山药栽培实验及室内分析表明：加施锌肥能促进山药幼苗萌发及植株生长速度，加快山药根状块茎的重量；提高块茎名锌素和粗蛋白含量。提示锌肥不仅增加产量同时也改善山药品质。     

A new diabatic molecular representation in He+-he charge transfer collision

A “frozen-orbital” diabatic basis has been constructed to study the He⁺-He resonant charge transfer collision in a closecoupled impact parameter treatment. The Σ—Π rotational couplings are reasonably free from the incorrect asymptotic behaviour (α R^?1) Comparison with experiment at large scattering angles demonstrates significant improvement over earlier work.     

Measurement uncertainty in microbiological cultivation methods

Microbiological analyses are carried out on clinical, food, feed and environmental samples. The aims of the analyses are diagnostic or estimation of the safety or the quality of the sample. Important decisions are made on the basis of microbiological analyses. Little attention, however, is paid to the uncertainty of measurement of microbiological analyses. In microbiological cultivation techniques the result is obtained by counting individual objects. The normally low number of counted objects strongly affects the result of the analysis and its uncertainty. Because of the importance of the particle statistical variation to the uncertainty, the approaches developed for chemical analyses are not directly applicable to microbiology. This paper discusses microbial analyses and describes a novel guidance document for the estimation of measurement uncertainty in culturing methods [1]. Received: 7 October 2000 Accepted: 8 March 2001