Thermal behavior of short-range-order in quenched Cu-12 at% Mn assessed by DSC

Summary The ordering behavior of quenched Cu-12 at% Mn was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under increasing temperature conditions. The ordering process can be better explained in terms of a homogeneous short-range-order (SRO) rather than a disperse-short-range-order (DSRO) model as for concentrated Cu-γMn solid solutions. At the employed high quench rates ordering is established in one stage here termed stage 1, assisted by excess vacancies. This stage obeys a first order kinetics law, being the effective activation energy consistent with a weighed average sum of the activation energy for migration of free and bound vacancies. An estimated solute-vacancy binding energy of 15 kJ mol^-1 seems quite reasonable for this alloy together with the assessed activation energy for complex migration of 92.6 kJ mol^-1. By adopting a first SRO order parameter based in quasi-chemical theory in pair approximation and using boundary values calculated from displayed features of DSC traces, the retained degree of quenched-in order at room temperature was calculated. This procedure also enabled to estimate an ordering energy of -2.7 kJ mol^-1. The effect of quenching temperature demonstrate that for smaller vacancy sink densities, the retained degree of order at room temperature goes through a minimum.     

Cu-系高温超导系列

 简要介绍了利用高温高压合成发现的超导系列CuBa₂Ca_n-1Cu_nO_2n+2+δ，即Cu-12n（三元数法）或Cu-12(n-1)n（四元数法），简称Cu-系。比较了Cu-系和其它主要高温超导体的结构和主要性质，指出了Cu-系和YBa₂Cu₃O₆的同构关系，以及Cu-系具有的良好的高温高场特性。Cu-系超导体因仅含碱土和铜的氧化物，化学组成简单、经济、安全，具有潜在的应用开发前景。     

Cu-12％Al合金熔体内中程有序原子团簇

通过高温X射线衍射仪研究了Cu 12％Al（质量分数,下同）合金熔体结构,并用纯铜作对比实验.在1250 ℃时,发现Cu 12％Al合金熔体结构因子曲线上18.5 nm－1位置有预峰出现.随着温度的下降,预峰变得更加明锐.预峰的出现是液体中存在中程有序的标志.通过熔态旋淬法获得该合金的快速凝固条带,对条带进行固态X射线衍射分析,其结构是具有有序体心立方晶格的Cu3Al.熔体内的中程有序结构单元尺寸与快凝Cu3Al（111）晶面面间距d111数值一致.由双体分布函数得到的最近邻原子距离、配位数.结合原子团簇结构单元的几何模型,计算得出该体心立方的棱边长(a=3.00 10－10m)与文献中所提供的固态晶格常数（a=2.95 10－10 m）基本吻合.可证明该合金熔体中存在以DO3结构为基本单元的中程有序原子团簇,在液相线以上200 ℃温度范围内这种中程有序都能稳定存在,并随着温度的下降,中程有序的相关尺寸逐渐增大.     

Selective dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol on low-percentage supported bimetallic rhenium-containing catalysts

The activity and selectivity of mono-and bimetallic sibunite-supported Re-, Cu-, Ni-, and Pd-containing catalysts in dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone (T=200–275 °C,v=1.1h⁻¹) were studied. The bimetallic Re, Cu-, Re, Ni-, and Re, Pd-catalysts containing 1 or 2% of the metal possess the higher activity and stability than monometallic catalysts. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2381–2383, November, 1998.     

Microstructure and age characterization of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy coatings by laser cladding

The present work has investigated the influence of direct aging treatment on the precipitation sequence and properties of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding. The experimental results show that the tendency of Sn segregation in the conventional Cu-15Ni-8Sn solidification microstructure is effectively relieved. Before aging, there are only two phases in the coating: the α-Cu solid solution dendrites with 7 wt.% Sn solubility, and a small fraction of Sn-enriched δ-phase at the interdendrites in rapid solidified microstructure. After the coating was directly aged at 370 °C without traditional solution pretreatment, the α-Cu solid solution dendrites experience precipitations in the order of pure spinodal decomposition, DO₂₂-ordered structure and discontinue γ-DO₃. The microhardness of the coating treated by direct aging reached 390 HV 0.5, which was higher than that treated by conventional solution and aging process owing to the solidified fine grains and hardening effect of spinodal decomposition. In addition, the Sn-enriched δ-phase at the interdendrites also decomposes to laminar discontinuous precipitated γ-DO₃ phase after aging. Precipitation sequence and properties of the clad coatings change obviously during the direct aging treatment.     

K_2O对合成DMC用Cu- Ni/V_2O_5- SiO_2催化剂性能的影响

K_2O是多种固体催化剂的有效助剂 .大多数金属表面对 CO_2的吸附非常弱,在过渡金属中加入碱金属助剂可以促进 CO_2的吸附活化 [1, 2].近期对这方面的研究主要集中在 Pt[3]、 Cu[4]、 Ru[5]和 Fe[6]等单晶金属面上 .我们已报导过 Cu- Ni/V2O5- SiO_2(VSiO)催化剂表面 CO_2和 CH_3OH吸附及其反应性能 [7, 8].本研究将 K_2O助剂引入到 Cu- Ni/VSiO催化剂中,进一步考察了 K_2O助剂对 CO_2和 CH_3OH吸附和反应性能的影响 .1实验部分 　　采用 Cu、 Ni氨络合物混合硝酸盐水溶液 (含 KNO3, K占 Cu、 Ni总原子数 5～ 15…     

Effect of vacuum heat treatment on tensile strength and fracture performance of cold-sprayed Cu-4Cr-2Nb coatings

The previous study [1] indicated that dense thick Cu-4Cr-2Nb coatings could be formed by cold spraying, and the post-spray heat treatment could significantly influence the microstructure and microhardness of the as-sprayed Cu-4Cr-2Nb coatings. In this study, the tensile strength and fracture performance of the Cu-4Cr-2Nb coatings after annealing were investigated. The vacuum heat treatment was conducted under 10⁻² Pa at 850 °C for 4 h. Results showed that the heat treatment had a great contribution to the healing-up of the incompleteness of the interfaces between the deposited particles. In addition, the coating microhardness decreased from 156.8 ± 4.6 Hv_0.2 for the as-sprayed coatings to 101.7 ± 4.5 Hv_0.2 for the annealed ones. The mean tensile strength of the annealed coatings was approximately 294.1 ± 36.1 MPa compared to that of 45.0 ± 10.5 MPa for the as-sprayed ones, which results from the partially metallurgically bonded zones between the deposited particles inducing by the heat treatment process.     

The use of a combined portable X ray fluorescence and multivariate statistical methods to assess a validated macroscopic rock samples classification in an ore exploration survey

The combination of “ex situ” portable X ray fluorescence with unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis, principal components analysis, factor analysis and linear discriminant analysis have been applied to rock samples, in order to validate a “in situ” macroscopic rock samples classification of samples collected in the Boris Angelo mining area (Central Chile), during a drill-hole survey carried out to evaluate the economic potential of this Cu deposit. The analysed elements were Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti and Zn. The statistical treatment of the geological data has been arisen from the application of the Box-Cox transformation used to transform the data set in normal form to minimize the non-normal distribution of the data. From the statistical results obtained it can be concluded that the macroscopic classification applied to the transformed data permits at least, to distinguish quite well in relation to two of the rock classes defined (70.5% correctly classified (p < 0.05)) as well as for four of the five alteration types defined “in situ” (75% of the total samples).     

Cu-2Ni-5Sn-(石墨+PbO)自润滑复合材料高温摩擦学性能的研究

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了Cu-2Ni-5Sn-(石墨+PbO)系自润滑复合材料,并采用XRD、SEM、万能材料试验机和高温摩擦磨损试验机等研究了微观组织、力学性能和室温至500℃下的摩擦学性能.结果表明:石墨+PbO复合固体润滑剂质量分数为8%时,该复合材料综合摩擦磨损性能最优.Ni的加入能提高基体的力学性能.随着温度的增加,该复合材料的摩擦系数几乎保持稳定,磨损率先缓慢增加,后急剧增加.室温时磨损表面形成以石墨为主成分的润滑膜起主要润滑作用,磨损机理主要为轻微塑性变形和局部剥落.300℃时,由PbO(Fe_2O_3)6、石墨和Cu_2O组成的致密润滑膜是Cu-2Ni-5Sn-(石墨+PbO)自润滑复合材料具有良好润滑性的主要原因,磨损机理主要包括复合材料塑性变形、局部剥落和轻微的黏着磨损.500℃时,主要由PbO(Fe_2O_3)6、石墨、Cu_2O和Cu O组成的复合润滑膜起到了润滑作用,磨损机理主要为石墨周边区域基体脱落及塑性变形引起的剥落和氧化磨损.     

Modelling the kinetics of solute segregation to partial dislocations for isothermal microcalorimetric evaluations

A model is proposed to describe the kinetics of solute segregation to partial dislocations in solid solutions of cold-rolled alloys. The case when half edge and half screw dislocations are present is considered. The model gives account of the kinetic behaviour observed in a deformed Cu-19 at% Al alloy where two unknown processes could be assessed during calorimetric isothermal experiments. The faster process corresponds to segregation to screw dissociated dislocations while the slower one corresponds to segregation to edge dissociated dislocations. Experimental activation energies, larger for edge dislocations, are close to that for pipe diffusion along the partials corrected by pinner binding energy terms. It is also predicted that segregation occurs faster as the dislocation density is increased. A quantitative comparison of experimental results with model predictions is given.The authors would like to thank the Fondo de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) for financial support through Project 1950566, and the Institute de Investigaciones y Ensayes de Materiales (IDIEM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemticas, Universidad de Chile, for the facilities provided for this research.