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1.
In this study, we investigated an alternative method for the chemical CO2 reduction reaction in which power ultrasound (488 kHz ultrasonic plate transducer) was applied to CO2-saturated (up to 3%) pure water, NaCl and synthetic seawater solutions. Under ultrasonic conditions, the converted CO2 products were found to be mainly CH4, C2H4 and C2H6 including large amount of CO which was subsequently converted into CH4. We have found that introducing molecular H2 plays a crucial role in the CO2 conversion process and that increasing hydrogen concentration increased the yields of hydrocarbons. However, it was observed that at higher hydrogen concentrations, the overall conversion decreased since hydrogen, a diatomic gas, is known to decrease cavitational activity in liquids. It was also found that 1.0 M NaCl solutions saturated with 2% CO2 + 98% H2 led to maximum hydrocarbon yields (close to 5%) and increasing the salt concentrations further decreased the yield of hydrocarbons due to the combined physical and chemical effects of ultrasound. It was shown that CO2 present in a synthetic industrial flue gas (86.74% N2, 13% CO2, 0.2% O2 and 600 ppm of CO) could be converted into hydrocarbons through this method by diluting the flue gas with hydrogen. Moreover, it was observed that in addition to pure water, synthetic seawater can also be used as an ultrasonicating media for the sonochemical process where the presence of NaCl improves the yields of hydrocarbons by ca. 40%. We have also shown that by using low frequency high-power ultrasound in the absence of catalysts, it is possible to carry out the conversion process at ambient conditions i.e., at room temperature and pressure. We are postulating that each cavitation bubble formed during ultrasonication act as a “micro-reactor” where the so-called Sabatier reaction - - takes place upon collapse of the bubble. We are naming this novel approach as the “Islam-Pollet-Hihn process”. 相似文献
2.
The behaviors of ferromagnetic transition metals of the first period: Fe, Co and Ni are examined within density functional theory calculations in two dimensional carbon extended networks using model structure LiC6. Around geometry optimized structures, the energy-volume equations of states considering non magnetic and spin polarized configurations established ferromagnetic ground states with magnetizations –reduced with respect to the metals’– of 2 μB for FeC6 and 1 μB for CoC6 while no magnetic solution could be identified for NiC6. In the D6h point group of the P6/mmm space group lm decomposition of the d states results with increasing energy into doublet state E1g with d(x2-y2) and d(xy); singlet state A1g d(z2) and doublet state E2g d(xz) and d(yz) lying on EF and responsible of the onset of magnetic moments. This was mirrored via molecular orbital approach with a construct of Fe embedded between two extended carbon networks thus validating the model structure proposed for TC6 compounds. The 100% polarization in one spin channel allows proposing potential uses in spintronics applications. 相似文献
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光纤的能量传输特性及应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
着重分析了影响光纤传输能量以及光纤传输中造成能量损耗的因素。这些因素主要包括光纤材料、构造、光纤的折射率分布、光纤的长度和芯径、光纤的数值孔径和热效应以及耦合等。同时 ,结合激光二极管点火的实例 ,分析探讨了其背景和应用价值。结论是 :为了尽可能减少能量损耗、提高光纤输出的激光功率和激光功率密度 ,应当选取合适的激光工作波长、较小的光纤长度、较小的芯径和较小的数值孔径 ,应采用渐变折射率分布光纤 ,应减少弯曲与耦合 相似文献
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Christian J. -F. Dupraz Patrick Nickels Udo Beierlein Wendy U. Huynh Friedrich C. Simmel 《Superlattices and Microstructures》2003,33(5-6):369
This paper provides an overview of recent research developments in the field of nanoelectronics with organic materials such as carbon nanotubes and DNA-templated nanowires. Carbon nanotubes and gold electrodes are chemically functionalized in order to contact carbon nanotubes by self-assembly. The transport properties of these nanotubes are dominated by charging effects and display clear Coulomb blockade behaviour. A different approach towards nanoscale electronics is based on the molecular recognition properties of biomolecules such as DNA. As an example, DNA is stretched between electrodes using a molecular combing technique. A two-step metallization procedure leads to the formation of highly conductive gold nanowires. 相似文献
8.
锥形光纤间耦合特性的分析与检测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将通信光纤的末端拉制成锥形,利用光信号在光纤锥形区特有的传输和耦合特性,实现了光纤的耦合、连接和分束。用耦合模理论分析了锥形光纤间的传输和耦合性质,给出了光信号两锥形光纤间的耦合与两锥形光纤的距离和锥形区重叠长度等实验结果。 相似文献
9.
《Fiber and Integrated Optics》2007,26(6):335-342
A fiber-optic chemical sensor (FOCS) for detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) molecules is reported. The FOCS presents an optropode structure because of the transmission properties of the sensitive material. The NO2 FOCS is activated by using the semiconductor polymer: regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl). The operation wavelength of the sensor is 543.5 nm such that a simple LED and detector can be used for the design of this device. The sensor response decreases after each exposure, demonstrating the reduction in sensitivity as well as irreversibility lower than 5%. However, its properties such as rapid response, high selectivity, high sensitivity (0.43 ± 0.01 muW/ppm), hygroscopic properties, and its operation at room temperature make this kind of FOCS a good alternative for NO2 toxic gas detection. 相似文献
10.
A novel and simple two-frequency Brillouin fiber laser is presented. It is based on a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity with fiber Bragg gratings as reflectors. The model of stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber grating-based Fabry-Perot resonator is investigated. The laser allows conversion efficiency of close to 100% and suppresses the higher-order Stokes waves. The theoretical prediction is presented and the experimental demonstration is realized. 相似文献