掺杂Y^3+的锂锰尖晶石的合成及其电化学性能研究

采用流变相反应法合成了掺杂稀土钇离子的锂锰尖晶石LiYxMn2-xO4，并对其 结构和电化学性能进行了初步研究。结果表明，当掺入的Y^3+的含量较低（x≤0. 02)时，得到的产物能保持完整的尖晶石结构，并表现出极佳的电化学性能。Y^3+ 的掺入使材料的循环稳定性能大幅度提高，而这种提高是源于Y^3+对尖晶石结构的 稳定作用。电极材料LiY0.02Mn1.98O4显示了最优的电化学性能，在0.2℃放电速率 下，其初始放电容量为118mA·h·g^-1，100次循环后仍能保持初始容量的98％。     

PVC DISULFIDE AS CATHODE MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES

PVC disulfide (2SPVC) was synthesized by solution crosslink and its molecular structure was confirmed by infrared spectrum. 2SPVC's specific area is 36.1 m2·g-1 tested by stand BET method, and granularity experiment gives out the particle size of d0.5= 11.3μm. With SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) experiment the surface morphology and particle shape of 2SPVC were observed. Cyclic voltammetry (scan rate: 0.5 mV·s-1) shows that 2SPVC experience an obvious S-S redox reaction in charge-discharge process. When 2SPVC was used as cathode material for secondary lithium battery in a 1 mol·L-1 solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (Li(CF3SO2)2N) in a 5:45:50 volume ratio mixture of o-xylene (oxy), diglyme (DG) and dimethoxymethane (DME) at 30℃, the first discharge capacity of 2SPVC is about 400.3 mAh·g-1 which is very close to its theoretical value (410.5 mAh·g-1) at a constant discharge current of 15 mA·g-1. It can retain at about 346.1 mAh·g-1 of discharge capacity after 30 charge-discharge cycles. So 2SPVC is a very promising cathode candidate for rechargeable lithium batteries.     

稀土聚乙炔电池及其电化学

聚乙炔作为合成的有机金属具有极大的应用潜力。MacDiarmid等发现可用电化学方法对聚乙炔进行可逆掺杂,使其电导率达到金属的水平,而且聚乙炔本身具有一个由微纤维组成的网状结构,有很大的表面积(～60m~2/g),因此适合于作二次电池的电极。人们已在实验室制备了各种类型的聚乙炔电池,它们具有重量轻、能量密度高、功率密度大、可充电等特点,因而具有研究价值。沈之荃等曾应用稀土配合催化剂合成了高含量顺式的、热稳定性较高的和抗氧化稳定性的聚乙炔。本文报道稀土聚乙炔电池及其电化学的研究工作。结果表明:稀土聚乙炔电池的开路电压可达3.5V,短路电流达10mA,平均功率密度达160W/kg,具有进一步开发研究的前景。     

High performance nanocomposite polymer electrolytes

Solid lithium-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on poly(oxyethylene) (POE) were prepared using high aspect ratio cellulosic whiskers and lithium imide salt, LiTFSI. The cellulosic whiskers were extracted from tunicate — a sea animal — and consisted of slender parallelepiped rods that have an average length around 1 μm and a width close to 15 nm. High performance nanocomposite electrolytes were obtained. The filler provided a high reinforcing effect, despite the favorable cellulose/POE interactions that were expected to decrease the possibility of inter-whisker connection and formation of a percolating cellulosic network, while a high level of ionic conductivity was retained with respect to unfilled polymer electrolytes. Cross-linking and plasticizing of the matrix as well as preparation of the composites from an organic medium were also investigated.     

直立式光透金网电极薄层红外光谱电化学池的新设计

本文报告一种新式的光透式金网电极薄层红外光谱电化学池设计, 该设计使用聚甲氟乙烯池内盐桥/边际限制器, 连接直立式玻璃池体与氯化钠红外薄层池,设置薄层的池的电位参比点, 既便于监控操作, 又能得到良好的光谱电化学响应, 以二茂铁在二氯甲烷中的行为进行了表征。     

嵌入电极反应循环伏安曲线的理论研究

嵌入电极反应的循环伏安图一般具有氧化峰和还原峰间距很大的特点,并且往往要求采用非常低的电位扫描速度。本研究基于嵌入电极反应的热力学方程和电荷传递动力学方程,对其循环伏安曲线进行了理论处理,讨论了嵌入电极反应热力学参数b,动力学参数D和k,电位扫描速度u,及电极和溶液电阻对循环伏安曲线的影响,解释了实验得到的嵌入电极反应循环伏安曲线的特殊性。     

阳极二氧化铅膜的阴极还原为硫酸铅的机理

应用旋转环盘电极, 和静止电极线性电位扫描法(LSV)研究铅上阳极PbO~2膜的阴极还原为PbSO~4的机理。实验结果表明相应于Pb盘上阳极膜中PbO~2还原时所产生的Pb-7w/oSb环电流是原先PbO~2膜生长时析出的氧扩散入膜中以及膜内的PbO~2微粒中的品种逸出而被还原所致。无可溶性中间体可被检出。扫速对静止Pb上阳极膜中PbO~2的LSV法还原的影响符合薄膜反应的规律。本文提出了上述反应机理。     

电化学嵌锂尖晶石型Li~xFe~3-ωO~4的电子结构

Mossbauer谱学研究了Li│LiClO~4-PC│Fe~3-ωO~4电池放电过程中阳极反应电子在阴极Fe~3-ωO~4中的分布得出,一小部分电子进入氧化铁八面体FeO~6的t2~g非键轨道成为跳变电子,大部分电子则进入较高能量的反键轨道.     

锂在非层状硫化物中的电化学嵌入反应I:锂在硫化铅中的嵌入过程

通过库伦滴定、三角波电位扫描和X射线衍射物相分析,研究了Li/PbS电池的阴极反应机理.发现在该电池放电的第一个阶段(放电深度小于1.5),阴极上发生的是锂嵌入硫化铅晶格的反应,并且锂嵌入后硫化铅的主晶格结构基本未变,锂进入了晶体的立方体间隙中心位置.测得锂嵌入硫化铅生成LiPbS的嵌入自由能为-300.48kJ.mol^-^1(25℃),锂在LiyPbS(0相似文献