Computational investigation toward selective collection of water particles containing odorous molecules by electrostatic spraying

The necessity of odor sensing has been increasing from environmental and health standpoints. Here, we propose the novel concept of a small device which can select odor molecules based on electrostatic spraying. For high selectivity of the target gas or odor, we conducted computational fluid dynamics coupled with an electrostatic field, as well as measurements by particle image velocimetry and anemometry. The computational model successfully reproduced characteristic features of ionic wind. Different trajectories of charged particles were computationally obtained owing to their electrical mobility. The results imply that different materials might be separated by the arrangement of the collecting electrode.     

Analytical Scheme for the Direct Graphite-Atomizer/Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Fifteen Trace Elements in Toenails for Biological Monitoring

An analytical scheme for the determination of up to fifteen trace elements in nails and hair has been proposed. Samples were solubilized by means of aqueous tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (alkyl = methyl or ethyl). Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined by pulse-nebulization flame AAS, employing the Slotted Tube Atom Trap (STAT) for Cd and Pb. Suitable chemical modifiers have been applied in electrothermal AAS (ETAAS) determinations of Cd and Pb (ammonium hydrogen phosphate), As, Sb, Se and Sn (palladium), while no modifier was needed in determinations of Al, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo and Ni. Calibration was performed by means of matrix-matched standards and the technique was verified by standard additions, comparison with neutron activation and analysis of hair reference material. The usefulness of this technique for occupational exposure monitoring is briefly discussed.     

Infrared Absorption Study of Some Cyclic Ureas,Cyclic Thioureas and Their N,N′-Dialkyl Derivatives

Abstract

In his communication on the detection limits for thermal emission spectroscopy of metallic species in flame media, Fassel (¹) attacks our previous statement that detection limits for Al, Be and Mo were available only for turbulent oxygen-supported hydrogen or acetylene flames. It should be borne in mind that he was referring to a preliminary communication (²) which naturally does not carry an extensive bibliography. It should also be noted that we were concerned, in context, with a comparison of the separated flame with conventional flames, not with highly unconventional flames such as those to which he refers. Whilst the point with which he takes issue was a very minor one, incorporated in our preliminary communication mainly as an “aside”, we firmly disagree with his observation. The flame he refers to (³) (⁴) is, in fact, a diluted oxy-acetylene flame which is supported by venting some air (and therefore nitrogen) to dilute the fuel-oxygen mixture. Fassel's communication (¹) erroneously refers to this as a 'premixed oxy-acetylene flame', whereas elsewhere (⁵) it is described more correctly as an oxygen-nitrogen-acetylene flame. The burner he long-pathlength carbonaceous flames (¹⁰). They also allow more sensitive molecular emission spectroscopy of sulphur in an air-hydrogen flame (¹¹), etc. We hope that this unfortunate correspondence will not distract attention from the main issue of our previous or previous preliminary communication on the separated nitrous oxide-acetylene flime.     

Determination of Se,Pb, and Sb by atomic fluorescence spectrometry using a new flameless,dielectric barrier discharge atomizer

A flameless atomizer for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), based on an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge, has been developed for the atomization of hydride-forming elements, such as Se, Sb and Pb. The atomizer (8 mm o.d, 35 mm length) was operated at a power less than 50 W. The discharge was sustained with argon at the flow rate of 0.85 L min^− 1 after optimization. The characteristics of the atomizer and the effects of different parameters (power, gas flow rate, and KBH₄ concentration) are investigated. The most attractive feature of this atomizer is its low operation temperature (~ 52 °C, detected at the outlet of the atomizer by a thermocouple), allowing both the radiation source and the detector to be placed in close proximity with the atomizer. The analytical performance of the atomizer has been evaluated, and detection limits for Se, Sb and Pb obtained with the present technique were 0.08, 0.11 and 0.27 μg L^− 1, respectively. The accuracy of the system was verified by the determination of Se, Sb and Pb in reference material of spinage GBW 10015. The concentrations of Se, Sb, and Pb determined by the present technique agreed well with the reference values (Se: 92 ± 24 mg kg^− 1, Sb: 43 ± 14 mg kg^− 1, Pb: 11.1 ± 0.9 mg kg^− 1). This detector is very promising for field elements detection with portable AFS.     

Evaluation of a hydride generation-atomic fluorescence system for the determination of arsenic using a dielectric barrier discharge atomizer

A new atomizer based on atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was specially designed for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) in order to be applied to the measurement of arsenic. The characteristics of the DBD atomizer and the effects of different parameters (power, discharge gas, gas flow rate, and KBH₄ concentration) were discussed in the paper. The DBD atomizer shows the following features: (1) low operation temperature (between 44 and 70 °C, depending on the operation conditions); (2) low power consumption; (3) operation at atmospheric pressure. The detection limit of As(III) using hydride generation (HG) with the proposed DBD-AFS was 0.04 μg L⁻¹. The analytical results obtained by the present method for total arsenic in reference materials, orchard leaves (SRM 1571) and water samples GBW(E) 080390, agree well with the certified values. The present HG-DBD-AFS is more sensitive and reliable for the determination of arsenic. It is a very promising technique allowing for field arsenic analysis based on atomic spectrometry.     

Use of an Impaction-Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometric System for the Direct Determination of Cadmium,Copper, and Manganese in the Laboratory Atmosphere

Abstract

Results on an impaction-electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometric system for the direct, and on a nearly real-time basis, determination of cadmium, copper, and manganese in the laboratory atmosphere are presented. Background levels for cadmium were 3 ng m^?3, for copper were 100 ng m^?3, and for manganese were 30 ng m^?3 and were found to increase with activity in the vicinity of the system. Addition of a connecting faceplate to the impactor allowed a more convenient and accurate method of standardization to be achieved.     

探讨有机醇对电感耦合等离子体质谱的增敏效应

探讨了不同种类的常见有机醇对27种环境领域关注的痕量重金属和稀土元素的质谱行为,优化了ICP-MS的入射功率和雾化器流速,以及有机醇的加入量,从物理和化学特性上讨论了增敏效应的作用机理.     

Optimization Study of Plumbane Generation and Preconcentration in Hydride Generation-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Optimization of lead hydride generation has been performed and a regression model of the efficiency (chemical yield, E %) of plumbane generation has been derived from experimental data. The effect of various chemical and instrumental parameters on hydride generation and trapping in an absorbing solution of Ce(IV)-KI, with subsequent determination of lead by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) has been studied, in an effort to optimize conditions for preconcentration and determination of nanogram amount of lead. Characteristic concentrations are 1 μg/1 in absorbing solution and 0.2 μg/1 in a 50-ml aliquot of sample solution and the corresponding limits of detection are ca. 4 and 1 μg/1, respectively.     

DBD在原子光谱领域内的应用进展

介质阻挡放电因其体积小、结构简单、能耗低、工作温度低、样品解离/激发能力强等显著特点,特别适合于分析仪器的微型化和便携化。目前,基于介质阻挡放电的原子化器或激发光源已成功应用于原子吸收光谱仪、原子荧光光谱仪和原子发射光谱仪中,促进了小型化原子光谱仪器的发展。总结了介质阻挡放电技术在原子光谱领域内的研究进展,着重阐述了介质阻挡放电-原子发射光谱系统在不同进样方式下的应用情况,分析了每种进样方式的优缺点。本文还对介质阻挡放电技术在诱导蒸气发生、固体直接进样方面的新应用方向进行了评述。虽然介质阻挡放电技术已在原子光谱领域内得到广泛的应用,但其反应机理仍然不明确,制约了其后续的拓展研究。