抗生素调节的单种群chemostat模型研究

构建并分构了抗生素调节的单种群chemosta模型 ,得到了依赖于抗生素输入浓度的微生物种群绝灭和一致持续生存的充分条件 .     

Antiparasitic agents produced by microorganisms

Microorganisms produce many useful antiparasitic agents. Antiparasitic activities and biochemical targets of antiprotozoal and anthelmintic antibiotics are reviewed. Antimalarial apicidin, thiolactomycin, fosmidomycin, and borrelidin, antitrypanosomal ascofuranone, and nematocidal emodepside, 2-deoxoparaherquamide A, and nafuredin are recently discovered antibiotics, and they have potential as useful drugs.     

滂胺天蓝-氨基糖苷类抗生素的显色反应及其分析应用

在 pH2.0～7.0的条件下 ,滂胺天蓝(PSB)与硫酸卡那霉素(KANA)、硫酸庆大霉素(GEN)和硫酸新霉素(NEO)等氨基糖苷类抗生素反应生成蓝色离子缔合物 ,最大显色波长位于686～690nm ,线性范围分别为0～14.0、0～12.5、0～14.0mg/L ,摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为1.53×104、1.12×104、1.47×104L/(mol·cm) ;最大褪色波长位于620～622nm ,线性范围分别为0～14.0、0～12.0、0～14.0mg/L ,摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为1.41×104、1.43×104、2.42×104L/(mol·cm) ;当用双波长叠加法测定时 ,ε值分别为2.94×104、2.55×104、3.89×104L/(mol·cm) ;探讨了适宜的反应条件 ;该法用于市售药物中氨基糖苷类抗生素含量的测定 ,结果令人满意     

Charge transfer across a polymer gel/liquid interface: determination of ionophores

An electrochemical method for the determination of the ionophores monensin and lasalocid was developed, based on the polarization of an agar gel/nitrobenzene electrolyte interface. The measured current corresponding to the facilitated ion transfer across this interface is directly proportional to the concentration of an ionophore dissolved in the organic phase. Using cyclic voltammetry in a three-electrode system the detection limit for both ionophores is about 3 × 10^?5 M.     

Efficient routes to optically active azido-, amino-, di-azido- and di-amino-cyclitols with chiro- and allo-configuration from myo-inositol

Efficient routes to hitherto unknown 1d-2,5-di-azido-di-deoxy-allo-inositol, 1d-2,5-di-amino-di-deoxy-allo-inositol, 1l-1-azido-1-deoxy-chiro-inositol and 1l-1-amino-1-deoxy-chiro-inositol were developed by using cheaply available myo-inositol as the starting material. Preliminary investigations on the enzyme inhibitory properties were done. The methodology reported is amenable to gram scale synthesis and thus can find application in natural product synthesis.     

大孔网状吸附剂在微生物制药分离纯化上的应用

本文介绍了20世纪末高分子吸附剂在β-内酰胺类，肽类、糖苷类，醌类，含氮杂环类，多烯类、蒽环类，大环内酯类，聚醚类和其它新抗生素，免疫抑制剂，酶抑制剂以及蛋白质类药物分离纯化上的应用发展状况。     

Determination of macrolide antibiotics by liquid chromatography

The liquid chromatographic separation of seven macrolides used in food producing animals in the European Union has been studied. Separation was performed by using an end-capped high-purity silica-based C₁₈ column and mobile phases consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5)–acetonitrile mixtures. The effect of pH and acetonitrile percentage on the separation was examined. Two UV-based detection systems, wavelength programming and diode array, were assayed. Detection limits were in the range 6–33 μg l⁻¹ for spiramycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, kitasamicin and josamicin and about 400 μg l⁻¹ for erythromycin and oleandomycin. The suitability of the method for multiresidue determination of the five macrolides is demonstrated by the analysis of spiked samples of chicken muscle.     

HPLC of antibiotics. 1. Streptolydigin and related compounds

Two new acyltetramic acids related to streptolydigin have been isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces lydicus. The principal members of this complex were resolved by TLC on silica gel. However, the methods of detection, permanganate spray or bioautography, were not suitable for both crude fermentation broths and purified extracts. Gas chromatography is unsuitable for the detection of either underivatized or silylated streptolydigins. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) particularly on triethylaminoethyl cellulose is rapid and sensitive and is the method of choice for the analysis of both crude and purified samples. Using high performance liquid chromatography, two components were detected in the complex, which are not observed using any of the other chromatographic procedures.     

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfadiazine in suspensions of TiO2 nanosheets with exposed (001) facets

Antibiotics such as sulfonamides are widely used in agriculture as growth promoters and medicine in treatment of infectious diseases. However, the release of these antibiotics has caused serious environmental problems. In this paper, photocatalytic oxidation technology was used to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ), one of the typical sulfonamides antibiotics, in UV illuminated TiO₂ suspensions. It was found that TiO₂ nanosheets (TiO₂-NSs) with exposed (001) facets exhibit much higher photoreactivity towards SDZ degradation compared to TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) with a rate constant increases from 0.017 min⁻¹ to 0.035 min⁻¹, improving by a factor of 2.1. Under the attacking of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) such as superoxide radicals (O₂^–) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), SDZ was steady degraded on the surface of TiO₂-NSs. Based on the identification of the produced intermediates by LC–MS/MS, possible degradation pathways of SDZ, which include desulfonation, oxidation and cleavage, were put forwards. After UV irradiation for 4 h, nearly 90% of the total organic carbon (TOC) can be removed in suspensions of TiO₂-NSs, indicating the mineralization of SDZ. TiO₂-NSs also exhibits excellent stability in photocatalytic degradation of SDZ in wide range of pH. Even after recycling used for 7 times, more than 91.3% of the SDZ can be efficiently removed, indicating that they are promising to be practically used in treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.     

碘伏术前消毒阴道、术中冲洗宫腔预防急诊剖宫产术后切口感染疗效观察

目的 探讨碘伏术前消毒阴道、术中冲洗宫腔对产妇急诊剖宫产术后腹部切口及子宫感染有无预防作用。方法 选取2010 年3 月至2014 年6 月行急诊剖宫产术的产妇218例,随机分为3组,均采用抗生素围术期用药（头孢唑啉钠针2.0g,术中断脐后及术后各1次,静脉滴注）。Ⅰ组（81 例）0.5%碘伏术前消毒阴道、术中冲洗宫腔;Ⅱ组（73 例）0.9%氯化钠溶液术中冲洗宫腔;Ⅲ组（64 例）不做上述处理,比较3 组产妇术后腹部切口及子宫感染发生率。结果 术后腹部切口感染：Ⅰ组3例,Ⅱ组2例,Ⅲ组4例;3组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后子宫感染：Ⅰ组2 例,Ⅱ组4 例,Ⅲ组7 例;Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 在合理预防性使用抗生素前提下,碘伏术前消毒阴道、术中冲洗宫腔可降低急诊剖宫产术后子宫感染发生率。