CLIMATIC CHANGE SINCE LITTLE ICE AGE RECORDED BY DUNDE ICE CAP

The climatic change since the Little Ice Age recorded in the Dunde Ice Cap is presentedin this paper. There have been three cold periods and three warm periods since 1400AD.Among them, the coldest one was in the 17th century. Many evidences verified the three coldand warm variations recorded in the Dundc Ice Cap. But it was found from the comparison between the Dunde Icc Cap climatic record and thewinter temperature record in Shanghai that there was a temporal dfference in climatic changebetween East China and West China. The general trend is that the cooling and warmingprocesses in West China were earlier than that in East China. In the Dunde Ice Cap, it isnow in an anomalous warm period, while it is not as warm as in Dunde Ice Cap recordaccording to the winter temperature in Shanghai. In addition to the possible cause of temporaldifference in climatic change between West China and East China, another possible cause isthat the greenhouse effect of CO_2 may already be recognizable in the Dunde Ice Cap a     

The Intrusion of the Meissen Pluton (Elbe Valley-Zone): Evidence from Geochemical and Isotopic Data

Abstract

Geochemical and mineralogical investigations of plutonic rocks from the Meiβen massif indicate different magmatic evolution trends of the Freital sequence as well as for the central part of the complex Constant ε-Nd_T-345 values of ?1.5 of the Freital sequence and major/trace element data point to a fractional crystallization process. Based on ε-Nd values, ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios as well as on geochemical data affinities to alkali basalts cannot be excluded.

Analogous conclusions have been drawn regarding mineral chemical data [10] and cathodoluminescence spectra of apatite [13]. Assimilation of old continental crust, reflected by relics of apatite and zircon, may be the reason that the ε-Nd values plot at the lower end of the “mantle array”. The pyroxene-monzodiorite from Gröba belongs to the same source environment as the Freital sequence (Nd-characteristics).

The geological evolution of the central part of the studied plutonic complex is completely different to the Freital sequence: most of the intrusions show signatures of open system fractionation processes. The ε-Nd_T-345 value of ?1.46 of the Leuben monzonite indicates a narrow relation to the Freital sequence, whereas the ε-Nd_T-345 value of +2.27 of the Spitzgrund monzonite either reflects the derivation of another basic material then the Freital-type or the participation of other mixing component(s) from geologically young crust.

Fabric and mineral chemical investigations of the porphyry-like granite GII point to a mixing process of basic xenocrysts, resembling the corresponding minerals of the Freital sequence, and granite melts [10]. Large amounts of old zircon cores [11] indicate the inheritance of continental crust components by the Hauptgranit. Isotopic investigations on various granitic samples (GII, Hauptgranit and Riesensteingranit) reflect an increasing trend towards the crustal source(s) of their parental melts. The ε-Nd_T-345 values are ?3.75, ?4.16 and ?6.13, respectively.

Chemical parameters and the ε-Nd_T value of the Riesensteingranit agree with data of granites from the Saxonian Granulite Massif (see e.g. Wand et al. [8]; von Quadt, 1992). Thus, it may be possible that both granite types derived from similar sources.     

Genetic analyzer-dependent DNA methylation detection and its application to existing age prediction models

DNA methylation is the most promising biomarker for estimating human age. There are various methods used for analyzing DNA methylation. Among those, the SNaPshot assay-based method provides a semi-quantitative measurement of DNA methylation using capillary electrophoresis on genetic analyzers. However, DNA methylation measures produced using different types of genetic analyzers have never been compared, although differences in methylation values can directly affect age estimates. To evaluate the differences between the results generated by different genetic analyzers, we analyzed the same blood, saliva, and control methylated DNA using three genetic analyzers—the Applied Biosystems 3130, 3500, and SeqStudio—and compared the methylation values at five CpG sites: ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, MIR29B2C, and TRIM59. The methylation value at each of the five CpG sites decreased in the order 3130, 3500, and SeqStudio. The differences in the results produced by the different genetic analyzers resulted in significant errors when applying the 3500 and SeqStudio data to a previous age estimation model constructed using the 3130 Genetic Analyzer data. Therefore, DNA methylation measurements from 3500 and SeqStudio were corrected using the regression functions obtained by plotting the DNA methylation data of one instrument versus the other to facilitate the application of DNA methylation data from one instrument to the age prediction model based on other instruments. The age prediction accuracy obtained by applying corrected 3500 and SeqStudio data to the existing age estimation model was as high as observed in the 3130 data.     

A stochastic model for the HIV epidemic in homosexual populations involving age and race

In this paper, we derive a stochastic model for the HIV epidemic in homosexual populations involving age and race. To account for effects of different mixing patterns, a low risk selection rule is introduced. The model is then formulated in terms of chain multinomial distributions by means of which the means are derived. Some simulation studies by computer indicate clearly that age and race have a significant impact on the HIV epidemic.     

横向数据中累加死亡率的估计-附脑血管病实例

本文用现时寿命表中计算平均寿命的基本假定,讨论估计横向数据的累加死亡率问题.本公式也适用于累加发病率及任何非医学领域中某种指标的累加发生率等问题.文中使用了一个脑血管病实例.     

Spectrum Slicing for Multiple Access Channels with Heterogeneous Services

Wireless mobile networks from the fifth generation (5G) and beyond serve as platforms for flexible support of heterogeneous traffic types with diverse performance requirements. In particular, the broadband services aim for the traditional rate optimization, while the time-sensitive services aim for the optimization of latency and reliability, and some novel metrics such as Age of Information (AoI). In such settings, the key question is the one of spectrum slicing: how these services share the same chunk of available spectrum while meeting the heterogeneous requirements. In this work we investigated the two canonical frameworks for spectrum sharing, Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), in a simple, but insightful setup with a single time-slotted shared frequency channel, involving one broadband user, aiming to maximize throughput and using packet-level coding to protect its transmissions from noise and interference, and several intermittent users, aiming to either to improve their latency-reliability performance or to minimize their AoI. We analytically assessed the performances of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and ALOHA-based schemes in both OMA and NOMA frameworks by deriving their Pareto regions and the corresponding optimal values of their parameters. Our results show that NOMA can outperform traditional OMA in latency-reliability oriented systems in most conditions, but OMA performs slightly better in age-oriented systems.     

Spherophylon,the concept of life at a level higher than that of the individual

A new term, spherophylon, indicates a unit of life higher than the individual level. To define this term, critical notes are given on the meaning of age in terms of life, the interrelationships among the elements of biodiversity, and an analogy of development between the multicellular body of an individual and the spherophylon. Life is compared at various levels; at the level of the cell, the individual as a multicellular organism, and the spherophylon. The biology of the spherophylon is discussed in the context of integrative biology.     

东疆北部地区小冰期环境特征的湖相沉积记录

本文根据新疆东疆北部巴里坤湖湖相沉积的孢粉及地球化学元素含量分析，运用因子分析法处理数据，恢复了巴里坤地区近５００年来的环境演变序列。广泛的区域性对比表明，所获结果具较高可信度，故本文不但获得了在新疆地区由湖相沉积所揭示的小冰期以来的环境演变信息，另一方面丰富了本地区短时代环境演变研究的方法和手段。     

The Aged Voice: A New Hypothesis

The anatomical changes in the senescent larynx are presented, with particular reference to the nonlinearity model of laryngeal biomechanics. The behavior of the Ishizaka-Flanagan 2-mass model in geriatric phonation suggests that an increase in nonlinearity can explain a number of disparate observations about the aged voice. Biomechanical assessment of real laryngeal tissue and experimentation in vivo is needed to confirm the hypothesis, leading to better paradigms of some phonatory disorders and perhaps to novel treatments.     

Asymptotic normality of discounted random series with applications in reliability and queueing

It is proved that a certain kind of randomly discounted random sums is asymptotically normal as the discount constant tends to zero. For replaceable systems with random lifetime, these sums represent the total discounted cost of policies of the age-replacement type; other applications to queueing and related areas are also indicated.