Interlaboratory comparisons and improvements of methods for acid number determination in used motor oils

The results of two interlaboratory comparisons of acid number determinations in used motor oils are discussed. It is shown that the comparability of the measurement results is not as good as that required by known standards for petroleum products. The problem is motor oil contaminants which accumulated during use, and which are the source of a matrix effect in the acid number determination. The standard methods’ drawbacks are analyzed and some improvements are proposed. Repeatability and accuracy of the improved methods are evaluated. Received: 11 December 2001 Accepted: 15 February 2002     

新生MnO2对酸性媒介黑T的吸附

以化学法合成的新生MnO2为吸附剂，对水中酸性媒介黑T（染料之一）进行了吸附脱色研究，并探讨了影响吸附的因素。结果表明，酸性媒介黑T的脱色率达95%。且PH是影响染料脱色的主要因素。     

Khillah extract as inhibitor for acid corrosion of SX 316 steel

The inhibitive effect of the extract of khillah (Ammi visnaga) seeds, on the corrosion of SX 316 steel in HCl solution was determined using weight loss measurements as well as potentiostatic technique. It was found that the presence of the extract reduces markedly the corrosion rate of steel in the acid solution. The inhibition efficiency increases as the extract concentration is increased. The inhibitive effect of khillah extract was discussed on the basis of adsorption of its components on the metal surface. Negative values were calculated for the energy of adsorption indicating the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The formation of insoluble complexes as a result of interaction between iron cations and khellin, which present in the extract, was also discussed.     

Dicyclopentadienyl complexes of titanium,niobium, and tungsten in the controlled synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Organometallic compounds Cp₂TiCl₂, (EtC₅H₄)₂NbCl₂, and (PrⁱC₅H₄)₂WCl₂ were assessed as additives that control polymer chain growth in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. In the presence of compounds mentioned in amounts comparable with that of the initiator, a uniform process with no gel-effect occured and respective linear increase in the molecular weight of the polymer up to high degrees of the monomer conversion was observed.     

Cavitation mechanism in cyanobacterial growth inhibition by ultrasonic irradiation

To prevent cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic water by ultrasonic method, ultrasonic irradiations with different parameters were tested to inhibit Spirulina platensis from growth. The experimental result based on cyanobacterial growth, chlorophyll a and photosynthetic activity showed that, the ultrasonic irradiation inhibited cyanobacterial proliferation effectively, furthermore the inhibition effectiveness increased in the order: 200 kHz>1.7 MHz>20 kHz and became saturated with the increased power. The inhibition mechanism can be mainly attributed to the mechanical damage to the cell structures caused by ultrasonic cavitation, which was confirmed by light microscopy and differential interference microscopy. The optimal frequency of 200 kHz in cavition and sonochemistry was also most effective in cyanobacterial growth inhibition. The higher frequency of 1.7 MHz is weaker than 20 kHz in cavitation, but has more effective inhibition because it is nearer to the resonance frequency of gas vesicle. The inhibition saturation with ultrasonic power was due to the ultrasonic attenuation induced by the acoustic shielding of bubbles enclosing the radiate surface of transducer.     

Acid catalyzed stereoselective rearrangement and dimerization of flavenes: synthesis of dependensin

Appropriately substituted flavenes undergo stereoselective rearrangement and dimerization when treated with methanolic hydrochloric acid to give benzopyranobenzopyrans. A rationale for the rearrangement is proposed. This synthetic methodology has been used for a high yield synthesis of the natural product dependensin.     

新型混合脂质体的制备及其与药物的分子识别研究

设计、合成了含核酸碱基的双亲化合物N6-十四酰基-9-辛基腺嘌呤三甲基溴化铵;用目标化合物和卵磷脂制备混合脂质体受体。分别研究了受体与巴比妥酸、核黄素药物在混合脂质体亲脂区通过互补氢键进行的分子识别。紫外可见光谱研究表明,底物巴比妥酸在258nm的吸收峰,核黄素在222nm,264nm的吸收峰随时间的延长而逐渐降低,这种减色作用归因于脂质体内的巴比妥酸和核黄素在亲脂区分别与双亲化合物上的腺嘌呤形成了氢键。     

流动注射-ICP光谱分析中的基体效应和酸效应研究

本文讨论了流动注射-ICP光谱分析中的基体效应和酸效应。当基体(Na、Ca、Fe、Zn)的浓度大于5mg/ml时,待测元素的谱线强度表现出不同程度的降低;上述基体的引入对激发温度和电子密度的影响不明显;基体产生的抑制效应可能与改变了待测元素粒子的激发几率的因素有关;于载流体中加入一定量的基体元素,是消除或降低基体效应的有效方法。酸(HCl、HNO_3、H_2SO_4)对待测元素表现出不同程度的抑制效应,其主要原因是物理干扰所致。     

Magnetic properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a function of acid treatment

We investigate the electronic properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes both before and after acid treatment with concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed using a SQUID magnetometer and show that there is a considerable enhancement in the density of states at the Fermi level. The data shows that the diamagnetic influence from the graphitic nanotubes dominates. We experimentally observe, after acid treatment, that the diamagnetic susceptibility remains unchanged at 5 K but notably decreases at 77 K. We propose the acid treatment has increased the Van Vleck paramagnetic contribution lowering the diamagnetic response from the π-electron orbital magnetisation. The Van Vleck paramagnetic contribution is finite-temperature dependent with a diminishing contribution at higher fields.