超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水稻基质中阿维菌素残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定水稻基质中阿维菌素残留量,考察了基质效应,并对实际样品进行了检测.稻田土、稻壳、糙米和稻杆经乙腈振荡提取,稻田水经乙酸乙酯液液分配提取后,用C18固相萃取小柱或弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS正离子扫描测定残留的阿维菌素.稻田土、稻田水和糙米的3种添加浓度(1.0,10.0和100 μg/kg或μg/L)的平均回收率为84％～107％,相对标准偏差为4.7％～13.6％.稻壳和稻杆的2档添加浓度(10.0和100 μg/kg)的平均回收率为90％和103％,相对标准偏差为8.4％～12.9％.本方法在稻田水、糙米和稻田土中的检出限为0.3μg/kg在稻壳和稻杆中检出限为3.0 μg/kg,低于欧盟和日本在稻米中制定的阿维菌素最大残留限量值.阿维菌素在2.0～100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好( r＞ 0.999).     

阿维菌素荧光衍生反应影响因子的研究

论文研究与探讨了不同温度(-20℃、0℃、20℃、40℃、60℃)、光照(0 Lux,123.8 Lux,1665.5 Lux,1108.2 Lux)、反应时间(1~720 m in)、衍生试剂浓度等因子对阿维菌素荧光衍生反应的影响。研究结果表明,环境温度对衍生反应影响不显著;衍生反应对太阳光线敏感,其机理是阿维菌素衍生产物易快速发生光解;高浓度的衍生试剂对反应表现一定抑制作用;衍生反应在30 m in左右达到峰值,其产物在室温、避光条件下8 h内保持稳定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定虾肌肉组织中阿维菌素残留量

提出了反相高效液相色谱法测定虾肌肉组织中阿维菌素残留量的方法。试样经乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷脱脂后,离心分离取下层溶液过Hypersil C_(18)色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,用甲醇水(86+14)溶液为流动相,于245 nm波长处进行紫外检测。阿维菌素的质量浓度在0.005～2mg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.002mg·kg~(-1)。以虾肌肉组织样品为基体,加入3种不同浓度水平的阿维菌素标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率在89.4%～102.4%之间;日内相对标准偏差(n=6)和日间相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在2.1%～7.2%和5.5%～8.4之间。     

Determination of Abamectin Residues in Avocados by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPLC with Fluorescence Detection

In this article a new analytical method for the confirmation and quantification of abamectin residues in avocados is described. The method allows a fast analysis of abamectin homologues using microwave assisted extraction (MAE), solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and N-methylimidazole (NMIM) as derivatizing agents. The mobile phase consisted of water, methanol and acetonitrile (5:47.5:47.5 v/v/v) and was pumped at a rate of 1.1 mL min⁻¹ (isocratic elution). Homogenized avocado samples were extracted once with 20 mL acetonitrile:water 4:1 (v/v) in a microwave oven for 26 min at 700 W with a maximum temperature of 80 °C. MAE operational parameters were optimized by means of an experimental design. Extracts were cleaned using C₁₈ SPE cartridges. Average recoveries of the method at four spiked levels (0.005, 0.01, 0.10 and 1.0 mg kg⁻¹) were found to be in the range 90–100% with good precision (RSD < 12%). The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of the whole method were 0.001 and 0.003 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, which are lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by the Spanish and the European legislation in avocados (0.01 mg kg⁻¹). Several avocado samples previously treated with the pesticide were also analyzed.     

Quantitative Analysis of Abamectin,Albendazole, Levamisole HCl and Closantel in Q-DRENCH Oral Suspension Using a Stability-Indicating HPLC-DAD Method

Combination therapy of many anthelmintic drugs has been used to achieve fast animal curing. Q-DRENCH is an oral suspension, containing four different active drugs against GIT worms in sheep, commonly used in Australia and New Zeeland. The anti-parasitic drugs are Albendazole (ALB), Levamisole HCl (LEV), Abamectin (ABA), and Closantel (CLO). The main purpose of this study is to present a new simultaneous stability-indicting HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of the four drugs. The recommended liquid system was 1 mL of Triethylamine/L water, adjusting the pH to 3.5 by glacial acetic acid: acetonitrile solvent (20:80, v/v). Isocratic elusion achieved the desired results of separation at a 2 mL/min flow rate using Zorbax C-18 as a stationary phase. Detection was performed at 210 nm. The linearity ranges were 15.15 to 93.75 μg/mL for ALB, 25 to 150 μg/mL for LEV, 30 to 150 μg/mL for ABA, and 11.7 to 140.63 μg/mL for CLO. Moreover, the final greenness score was 0.62 using the AGREE tool, which reflects the eco-friendly nature. Moreover, the four drugs were determined successfully in the presence of their stressful degradation products. This work presents the first chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis for Q-DRENCH oral suspension drugs in the presence of their stressful degradation products.     

Application of Mn(III)-catalysed olefin hydration reaction to the selective functionalisation of avermectin B1

The Mn(dpm)₃-catalysed olefin hydration reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones discovered by Mukaiyama in 1990 and further developed by Magnus in 2000 was applied to the challenging environment of avermectin B₁. Different avermectin substrates such as 4″,7-OTMS-5-oxo-avermectin B₁3, avermectin B₁1 and Δ^2,3-avermectin B₁6 were thus treated with Mn(dpm)₃, PhSiH₃ in isopropanol under oxygen atmosphere to afford several novel analogues, including 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-avermectin B₁8 with high level of regio- and stereoselectivity, 2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-avermectin B₁7, the first example of a 2-substituted avermectin and the novel 22,23-dihydro-22-hydroxy-avermectin B₁9a and 9b, epimeric at C(22). Biological activity of these new avermectin derivatives is also reported.     

Determination of abamectin in citrus fruits using SPE combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC–UV detection

A new pretreatment method, SPE combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, was proposed for the determination of abamectin in citrus fruit samples for the first time. In this method, fruit samples were extracted by ultrasound‐assisted extraction followed by SPE. Then, the SPE was used as a disperser solvent in the next dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction step for further purification and enrichment of abamectin. The effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency of the proposed method were investigated and optimized. Good linearity of abamectin was obtained from 0.005 to 10.0 mg/kg for B_1a and from 0.05 to 10.0 mg/kg for B_1b with correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.998 for B_1a and 0.991 for B_1b, respectively. The LODs were 0.001 and 0.008 mg/kg (S/N = 3) for B_1a and B_1b, respectively. The relative recoveries at three spiked levels were ranged from 87 to 96% with the RSD less than 11% (n = 3). The method has been successfully applied to the determination of abamectin in citrus fruit samples.     

阿维菌素与牛血清白蛋白作用的光谱研究

依据阿维菌素与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用使牛血清白蛋白内源荧光发生改变的现象,用荧光光度法研究了在一定条件下阿维菌素和牛血清白蛋白相互作用的机理。结果表明,阿维菌素对牛血清白蛋白的荧光猝灭是形成了超分子化合物的静态猝灭过程。测定了在不同温度下阿维菌素与牛血清白蛋白的结合常数KA和结合位点数n分别为KA=2.26×103L·mol-1,n=1.08(25℃);KA=1.35×103L·mol-1,n=1.05(35℃)。根据阿维菌素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的热力学参数,确定了阿维菌素与牛血清白蛋白之间的作用力类型为氢键和范德华力;根据Foerster非辐射能量转移理论求得阿维菌素与牛血清白蛋白的结合距离为2.55nm。用同步荧光光谱确定阿维菌素影响了BSA微区的构象。     

利用亚临界丁烷分离茶树鲜叶中的阿维菌素

以茶树鲜叶为原料,利用亚临界丁烷流体分离鲜叶表面残留的阿维菌素.在料溶比为1∶10(m/V)的条件下,利用响应面法(RSM)的Box-Benhnken Design(BBD)设计实验,考察不同温度、时间、分离次数等条件对多酚氧化酶活性的影响,同时分析亚临界丁烷处理对茶树鲜叶生理特性的影响.结果表明,亚临界丁烷流体在保持茶叶物理结构和多酚氧化酶活性基本不变的情况下,可有效分离茶叶中的阿维菌素;通过Design Expert软件分析,得出分离阿维菌素的最优工艺参数为温度45℃,时间30 min,分离次数1次,料液比为1∶10(m/V),分离效率大于91%,多酚氧化酶相对活性为25.73%.通过扫描电镜观察,茶树鲜叶结构在丁烷处理前后无明显变化.本研究结果表明,亚临界丁烷流体可有效分离茶叶中的农药残留,为亚临界流体在去除天然植物农残的应用中提供了实验依据和技术支持.     

Low temperature purification method for the determination of abamectin and ivermectin in edible oils by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry

In this study,a method based on low temperature purification(LTP) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of abamectin(ABA) and ivermectin(IVR) in edible oils.ABA and IVR were extracted using conventional liquid-liquid extraction followed by purification via precipitation of interfering fatty components at low temperature without an additional cleanup step.LTP is simple,easy to use,labour-saving and cost effective,and requires reduced amounts of organic solvent.The linear ranges of ABA and IVR were 5-1000 μg/L using matrix-matched standards.Limits of detection(LOD) and limits of quantification(LOQ)were in the range of 0.1-0.4 μg/kg and 0.3-1.3 μg/kg,respectively.The LOQs were below the strictest maximum residue limits established by Codex Alimentarius Commission.Recoveries at three spiked levels of 10,20 and 100 μg/kg in peanut oil,corn oil,olive oil,soybean oil and lard ranged from 71.1%to119.3%with relative standard deviations of 3.2%-10.3%,which were in agreement with those obtained by the solid phase extraction method.The proposed method was utilized in the analysis of 10 edible oil samples from local market and neither ABA nor IVR was detected.As far as we know,this is the first time that LTP is applied to the determination of avermectins in edible oils.