阴离子型表面活性剂所组成微乳液的异常流变性

对以正十六烷、油酸钾、正己醇和水所组成的微乳液进行研究,对其流变性和机理作了探讨.微乳液粘度和水油比变化的关系可用相转化来说明.层形结构区显示出有高粘度特征,并具有明显的负触变性现象.对此进行了讨论,并研究了pH值和盐类的影响.     

Dispersion and characteristics of surfactant modified cellulose whiskers nanocomposites

Biodegradable nanocomposites based on 5 wt% cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared using an extrusion process. An anionic surfactant (5, 10 and 20 wt%) was used to improve the dispersion of the CNW in the PLA matrix. The results showed that increased surfactant content resulted in improved dispersion but at the same time degraded the PLA matrix. The results from mechanical testing showed a maximum modulus for the composite with 5 wt% surfactant and as the surfactant content increased, the CNW dispersion improved and the tensile strength and elongation at break was improved compared to its unreinforced counterpart.     

(CTAB+BY)体系水溶液的光谱研究

用UV-Vis和共振Raman光谱,研究了阳离表面活性剂溴化二六烷基三甲胺(CTAB)和对阴离子染料亮黄(BY)混合体系在水溶液中的胶束化过程,结果表明,难溶盐的形成诱导了该体系胶束的提前形成,形成的胶束使BY由酸式结构转变为碱式结构,进一步研究水溶液和胶束溶液中BY的酸碱平衡过程,发现胶束表面使BY的表观解离常数增加了两个数量级,而在胶束水溶液中,随着电解质浓度的增加,BY的表观解离常数下降,由此说明BY处于胶束的扩散层中,并导致BY结构发生变化.     

TRANSAMIDATION IN THE in situ BLENDING OF POLYAMIDE 1212 WITH POLYAMIDE 6 THROUGH ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF CAPROLACTAM

20 wt% polyamide 12(PA1212)pellets were dissolved in molten caprolactam.The caprolactam was then catalyzed at 180℃and polymerized by means of anionic ring-opening polymerization to produce in situ blends of the resultant polyamide 6(PA6)and PA1212.Mechanical blends with same ingredient were prepared through melt blending on a twin-screw extruder.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation revealed that contrary to the mechanical blends with small spherulites embedded in the matrix,no phase-separation existed in the in situ blends.The results of thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)showed that single melting peak and crystallization peak existed for the in situ blends,while two melting and crystallization peaks appeared for the mechanical blends.The in situ blend film and the mixed blend film,both cast from a dilute formic acid solution with a concentration of 0.5 g/L,remained similar crystallization and melting behavior as above.It is proved by solution ~(13)C-NMR analysis that transamidation took place during the in situ blending,and it is suggested that the combination of temperature increasing and the basic surrounding derived from NaOH during polymerization resulted in the occurrence of transamidation.Furthermore,it is proposed that the interchange reaction between PA1212 and PA6 also resulted from the degradative reaction during the anionic polymerization.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对金属离子-漂蓝6B显色体系的胶束增溶作用

漂蓝6B(ECAB)与铬天青S(CAS)均属于三苯甲烷类酸性染料,两者结构相似,差别仅仅是在氯取代的苯环上ECAB少一个磺酸基,故ECAB及其金属配合物(M-ECAB)的水溶性较差。近年来的研究表明,在表面活性剂(简写作Sf)存在下,ECAB是一种有实用价值的显色剂。已研究过的Sf有阳离子型,非离子型略及阴、阳离子混合型。但阴离子表面活性剂(简写作a-Sf)对金属离子-漂蓝6B(或与其他三苯甲烷类酸性染料)显色体系的胶束增溶作用,尚未见报道。最近我们发现,在十二烷基硫酸钠(简写作SDS)存在下,在pH6.3左右,铍(Ⅱ)-ECAB体系的λ_(max)为616nm,表观摩尔吸光系数达1.11×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),比相应的二元配合     

十二烷基磺酸钠增强的吡啶锉 对芘的荧光猝灭

水溶液中三种吡啶 盐(吡啶盐酸盐, HP+;N-苄基吡啶,BP^+; 苄基紫精, BV^2^+)对芘的荧光猝灭因十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)的引入而增强, 且猝灭常数对SLS浓度的敏感性BV^2^+>BP^+>HP^+, 电导实验表明体系中无簇集体形成。认为SLS与吡啶 的静电作用及表面活性剂分子中烷基链的绕曲是导致猝灭增强的原因。     

阴离子型微乳液的电导行为及其溶液结构

根据电导测量,研究了属于W/O→双连续→O/W一类微乳液的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正丁醇/辛烷/水体系的溶液结构.并探讨了表面活性剂离子对微乳液导电行为的贡献,以及表面活性剂与助表面活性剂含量、油含量对微乳液溶液结构的影响.微乳液的导电行为在W/O子区域中主要是由于SDS阴离子和在O/W子区域中是由于Na离子的影响.在双连续区(IZ)中SDS阴离子和Na阳离子都能影响导电行为增加表面活性剂含量有助于形成O/W微乳液,而助表面活性剂和油含量都增加有助于于形成W/O微乳液.     

阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的中相微乳液研究

阴离子表面活性剂双-2-乙基己基磺化琥珀酸钠(简称AOT), 和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴代铵(简称CTAB), 在有醇、正辛烷、盐水存在的情况下,能形成多相微乳液。本文系统地研究了阴/阳离子表面活性剂配比、醇的种类、醇的浓度对该体系的中相微乳液的形成及特性的影响, 得到了中相微乳液的特性参数(最佳含盐量S^*, 最佳中相微乳液体积V^*, 界面张力r~E、盐宽△S等)。这些性质对与阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系, 三次采油及日用化工上的应用开发具有重要意义。最后还开展单独阴离子表面活性剂体系和阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系进行了比较, 得到一些有价值规律, 并从理论上进行了探讨。     

表面活性剂在低能固体表面上的吸附 Ⅲ: 聚苯乙烯胶乳粒子对阴离子表面活性剂的吸附

在无乳化剂的条件下合成了粒径均匀的聚苯乙烯胶乳, 发展了应用表面张力计测定吸附等温线的连续平衡法, 得到不同盐浓度下聚苯乙烯胶乳对十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠的吸附等温线, 它们属于Giles分类的L2 型或L1 型, 采有两阶段吸附模式讨论了吸附机理, 吸附层结构及等温线类型变化的规律。     

染料与表面活性剂的相互作用

本文用光谱法研究了阴离子染料曙红(EY)与非离子表面活性剂TX-100)的相互作用, 得出相互作用常数K及与一个染料分子结合的表面活性剂分子数N, 也研究了两种添加剂(尿素, Na2SO4)及混合胶团对这种相互作用的影响并作了解释。