Porphyrins. 37. Synthesis of heterodimers of porphyrins and chlorins containing pyrrolyl-methyl bridges

We have obtained various adducts, including homodimers and heterodimers of ethanebisporphyrins and ethanebischlorins containing pyrrole and dipyrrylmethane insertions, by reaction of mesodimethylaminomethylporphyrins and chlorins with -unsubstituted pyrrole derivatives in the presence of methyl iodide.For Communication 36, see [1].Dedicated to Professor M. A. Yurovskaya on her Jubilee.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 336–341, March, 2000.     

Stereocontrolled and Versatile Total Synthesis of Bispyrrolidinoindoline Diketopiperazine Alkaloids: Structural Revision of the Fungal Isolate (+)‐Asperdimin

Homo‐ and heterodimeric bispyrrolidinoindoline diketopiperazine alkaloids have been synthesized following a concise, versatile, and stereoselective route. Highlights of the sequence are a diastereoselective construction of the C3a‐bromo‐hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole nucleus, its Co^I‐induced C3a? C3a′ dimerization, and the twofold or sequential amide‐bond formation before cyclization to the diketopiperazine of the homo‐ or heterodimeric alkaloids, respectively. Stereochemical diversity is achieved through the choice of the appropriate amino acids combined with the base‐induced epimerization of the C2‐acyl‐hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole at C2. According to this strategy, the natural products (+)‐WIN 64821 1 , (+)‐WIN 64745 2 and (+)‐asperdimin 6 as well as analogues ( 5 , 22 , 32 , 44 ) with different relative and absolute configuration have been efficiently synthesized. The flexibility of this synthetic methodology has facilitated the structural revision of the natural product (+)‐asperdimin, whose structure has been corrected to diastereomer 6 .     

Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Oligoacene Heterodimers

We investigate singlet fission (SF) in heterodimers comprising a pentacene unit covalently bonded to another acene as we systematically vary the singlet and triplet pair energies. We find that these energies control the SF process, where dimers undergo SF provided that the resulting triplet pair energy is similar or lower in energy than the singlet state. In these systems the singlet energy is determined by the lower‐energy chromophore, and the rate of SF is found to be relatively independent of the driving force. However, triplet pair recombination in these heterodimers follows the energy gap law. The ability to tune the energies of these materials provides a key strategy to study and design new SF materials—an important process for third‐generation photovoltaics.     

不同链长二元分子卟啉酞菁（TTP－O－（CH_2）_n－O－Pc的三阶光学非线

利用简并四波混频（ＤＦＷＭ）方法测量二元分子卟啉酞菁的三阶非线性极化系数Ｘ（３）值．得到二元分子卟啉酞菁的ｘ（３）值比它们单元分子卟啉、酞菁的ｘ（３）值大；二元分子卟啉酞菁的ｘ（３）值起初是随链长的增加而增加，链长增至ｎ＝３时，ｘ（３）值达到最大值．当链长进一步增加时，二元分子卟啉酞菁的ｘ（３）值反而下降．这同二元分子中卟啉、酞菁分子由柔性链连接有关．本文对结果给出可能的解释．     

不同链长二元分子卟啉酞菁(TTP－O－(CH2)n－O－Pc的三阶光学非线

利用简并四波混频(DFWM)方法测量二元分子卟啉酞菁的三阶非线性极化系数X(3)值。得到二元分子卟啉酞菁的X(3)值比它们单元分子卟啉、酞菁的X(3)值大,二元分子卟啉酞菁的X(3)值起初是随链长的增加而增加(Xn=3(3) >Xn=2(3)),链长增至n=3时,X(3)值达到最大值。当链长进一步增加时,二元分子卟啉酞菁的(X(3)值反而下降(Xn=3(3)>Xn=4(3) >Xn=5(3))。这同二元分子中卟啉、酞菁分子由柔性链连接有关。本文对结果给出可能的解释。     

Synthesis of new boswellic acid derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents

Abstract

In the current investigation, a series of heterocyclic derivatives of boswellic acids were prepared along with new monomers of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA, 1) 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA, 2) and several new bis-AKBA and KBA homodimers and AKBA-KBA heterodimers. The effects of these compounds on the proliferation of different human cancer cell lines, viz., FaDu (pharynx carcinoma), A2780 (ovarian carcinoma), HT29 (colon adenocarcinoma), and A375 (malignant melanoma), have been evaluated. Thus, KBA homodimer 21 effectively inhibited the growth of FaDu, A2780, HT29, and A375 cells with EC₅₀ values below 9?μM. In addition, compounds 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, and 17 also exhibited cytotoxic effects for A2780, HT29, and A375 cancer cells. In particular, the pyrazine analog 8 was highly cytotoxic for A375 cancer cells with an EC₅₀ value of 2.1?μM.     

Highly Efficient and Directional Homo‐ and Heterodimeric Energy Transfer Materials Based on Fluorescently Derivatized α,γ‐Cyclic Octapeptides

Cyclic octapeptides composed of α‐amino acids alternated with cis‐3‐aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acids, self‐assemble as drumlike dimers through β‐sheet‐like, backbone‐to‐backbone hydrogen bonding. Heterodimerization appears to be significantly more favored than homodimerization, and this represents a novel approach for the design and fabrication of highly stable heterodimeric assemblies. A multicomponent equilibrium network based on fluorescently derivatized self‐assembling α,γ‐cyclic octapeptides has been successfully used to form light‐harvesting/light‐converting ensembles with a distinctive organization of donor and acceptor units able to act as efficient artificial photosystems.