ITER导体用铠甲现状综述

ITER超导磁体均采用管内电缆(CICC)结构,铠甲采用奥氏体无磁不锈钢无缝管。针对ITER项目,并通过对国内生产的ITER磁体铠甲性能与ITER性能设计要求值的比较分析,介绍了国内ITER PF、TF等磁体铠甲的生产现状。     

Probing the Microscopic Origin of Gravity via Precision Polarization and Spin Experiments

As in other parts of physics, we advocate the interaction approach: experiments ←→ (… are influenced and their importance is determined by … and vice versa) phenomenology ←→ low-energy effective (field) theory ←→ microscopic theory to probe the microscopic origin of gravity, Using the X-g phenomenological framework, we discuss the tests of equivalence principles. The only experimentally unconstrained degree of freedom is the axion freedom. It has effects on the long-range astrophysical/cosmological propagation of electromagnetic waves and can be tested/measured using the future generation of polarization measurement of cosmic background radiation.The verification or refutal of this axionic effect will be a crucial step for constructing an effective theory and probing the microscopic origin of gravity. The interaction of spin with gravity is another important clue for probing the microscopic origin of gravity. The interplay of experiments, phenomenology and effective theory are expounded. An ideal way to reveal the microscopic origin of gravity is to measure the gyrogravitational ratio of particles, Three potential experimental methods are considered.     

Experimental Study of Effect of Medium Boundary on Light Distribution in Tissue Phantoms

An experimental method for investigating the effect of medium boundary on distributions of light in the biological tissue phantom intralipid is presented. Measurements of distributions of light in intralipid-10% suspensions at 633 nm are described, in which a narrow collimated beam is incident on the surface of the phantoms and into the different depths inside of the phantoms. The experimental results show that the effect of the boundary of the medium on the curves geometry of light distributions is trivial, but the effect on intensity of scattering light is obvious, the maximal relative change of the energy fluence reaches 53.8% and the position of the peak of the energy fluence curve has a shift of 1.1 mm in the reverse direction of incident light for the phantom with albedo a=0.998, and the effect of the boundary is decreased with the increase of the absorption coefficients of tissue phantoms. The experimental results were analysed by the diffusion theory. These studies will be helpful for further understandings of the relation between the boundary of biological tissue and the distribution of light in tissue.     

二元液态金属Cu-Ni和Ag-Cu凝固过程的分子动力学模拟研究

用Quantum Sutton-Chen多体势对Ag6Cu4和CuNi液态金属凝固过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究.在冷却速率2×1012到2×1014K/s范围内,CuNi总是形成fcc晶体结构,而Ag6Cu4总是形成非晶态结构.考虑到CuNi及AgCu中原子半径之比分别为1.025和1.13,那么模拟结果证实了原子的尺寸差别是非晶态合金形成的一个主要影响因素.此外采用键对及原子多面体类型指数法对凝固过程中微观结构组态变化的分析,不但能说明二十面体结构在非晶态合金形成和稳定性中所起的关键作用,又有助于对液态金属的凝固过程、非晶态结构特征的深入理解.     

用于产生瞬态物种的脉冲放电及其光谱探测的分子束装置

建立了一套用于产生瞬变物种的脉冲高压放电分子束装置，以N2气为例，对高压脉冲放电过程和整个荧光采集系统的工作效率进行了研究，从N2气的振动光谱中得到其激发态的振动温度为2257K。     

Local Lyapunov Exponent for the Bak-Sneppen Model

The chaotic Property of the Bak-Sneppen model is studied from the local Lyapunov exponent in the same way as for dynamical nonlinear systems.Similar behaviour is found for the one- and two-dimensional Bak-Sneppen models.The Lyapunov exponents for the two cases have the same order of magnitude and both decrease at early evolution but show a slow increasing saturation at late evolution.     

Au(111)上烷烃硫醇SAMs表面应力的理论研究

应用已建立的关于金属表面吸附层中表面应力的统计热力学理论 ,计算了Au(111)上烷烃硫醇SAMs的表面应力及其与烷烃硫醇链长、吸附覆盖度的定量关系 .计算结果与实验相符 ,较好地解释了Berger等人的实验结果 ,特别是解决了在表面应力符号性质上理论与实验的矛盾 .在表面吸附层应力的多种物理起源中 ,通过底物的分子间作用力有着决定性的贡献 ,揭示了分子的吸附能间接地起着重要作用 .这与阴离子化学吸附体系Cl-/Au(111)的有关研究结果相同 .     

放射性9C束流不同贯穿深度上的线能谱测量

为阐述放射性⁹C束流应用于治癌的物理基础, 运用一个球形生物组织等效正比计数器测量了⁹C束流不同贯穿深度上的线能谱, 得到了沿束流贯穿深度上的剂量平均线能分布. 将实验测量得到的线能谱转换成为不同传能线密度在吸收剂量中所占份额的分布, 得到了该⁹C束流在不同贯穿深度上的剂量平均传能线密度分布. 将生物组织等效正比计数器测量得到的与先前通过平行板正比计数器测量得到的该⁹C束流的剂量平均传能线密度分布进行比较, 发现: 在束流入射通道上, 两者测量数据符合很好, 而在束流Bragg峰附近⁹C离子的沉积区域, 由组织等效正比计数器测量得到的剂量平均传能线密度值大于由平行板正比计数器测量得到的值.     

用改进感应圈做静电高压发生器

许多静电实验中,常常使用感应起电机产生较大量的静电荷,它包括韦氏和范氏两种感应起电机,统称静电高压发生器.如果没有这种仪器,或在极潮湿的气候条件下,用韦氏起电机有困难的时候,可以用感应圈代替它.对一般的静电实验来说,仍可收到满意的效果.在某些个别实验中,不但效果超过起电机,而且操作起来显得方便.     

高压增氧T′相R_2CuO_(4+δ)(R=Nd～Tm)低温磁性研究

T′相R2CuO4稀土铜氧化合物由于尺度效应而产生弱铁磁性行为已经被人们关注,报导了通过高温高氧压(6GPa,1000℃)合成稀土T′相R2CuO4(R=Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er和Tm)化合物的结构和磁学性能。磁化率曲线显示,在低温下所有的高压增氧R2CuO4样品都出现新的低温弱铁磁性反常行为,转变温度在28K附近。新的低温弱铁磁性行为是由于CuO2面上微量氧空穴的掺入,使处于反铁磁有序CuO2面形成局域化的铁磁性团簇造成。实验证明新发现的低温弱铁磁性行为与尺度效应产生弱铁磁性行为属于完全不同的物理机制。结果还预示T′相R2CuO4稀土铜氧化合物很难通过空穴掺杂而实现超导。