铅的吸收

人体中的铅主要来自食物、空气和水。根据对北京城区 4个幼儿园的调查 ,从粮谷类和肉菜类中摄入的铅约占膳食铅总摄入量的 45 3 %和 42 5 % ,这两类食物的铅摄入量占人体铅总摄入量的 87 8%。人体对铅的吸收则受到许多因素的影响 ,包括外界环境因素和人体本身的因素。此外 ,还与许多营养因子有关。(1 )胃肠道吸收 :成人胃肠道对铅的吸收率约为 5 %～ 1 0 % ,婴幼儿和儿童的胃肠道吸收率可达 42 %～5 0 %。铅的吸收与进食状况有关 ,Ｒａｂｉｎｏｗｉｔｙ (1 980 )的研究发现 ,胃排空时的铅吸收率要比胃充盈时增加约45 %。其他膳食营养因子…     

Environmental Impacts on Spiking Properties in Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron with Direct Current Stimulus

Based on the well accepted Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model, the neuronal intrinsic excitability is studied when the neuron is subject to varying environmental temperatures, the typical impact for its regulating ways. With computer simulation, it is found that altering environmental temperature can improve or inhibit the neuronal intrinsic excitability so as to influence the neuronal spiking properties. The impacts from environmental factors can be understood that,the neuronal spiking threshold is essentially influenced by the fluctuations in the environment. With the environmental temperature varying, burst spiking is realized for the neuronal membrane voltage because of the environment-dependent spiking threshold. This burst induced by changes in spiking threshold is different from that excited by input currents or other stimulus.     

Study on induced radioactivity of China Spallation Neutron Source

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is the first High Energy Intense Proton Accelerator planned to be constructed in China during the State Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, whose induced radioactivity is very important for occupational disease hazard assessment and environmental impact assessment. Adopting the FLUKA code, the authors have constructed a cylinder-tunnel geometric model and a line-source sampling physical model, deduced proper formulas to calculate air activation, and analyzed various issues with regard to the activation of different tunnel parts. The results show that the environmental impact resulting from induced activation is negligible, whereas the residual radiation in the tunnels has a great influence on maintenance personnel, so strict measures should be adopted.     

基于投入产出分析的建筑节能经济-环境影响测算模型的研究和应用

将改进的投入产出局部闭模型和分析方法应用到建筑节能研究领域.结合数量经济方法,建立了建筑节能经济-环境影响测算投入产出模型,应用该模型测算了2002年不同比例的既有建筑实施50%的建筑节能标准后的直接经济影响,然后测算通过各个产业部门之间的相互影响和相互作用后,建筑节能对国民经济其他产业部门的关联影响、对本部门的完全影响和对以GDP衡量的整个国民经济系统的影响.最后测算不同比例的既有建筑实施50%的建筑节能标准后减少的二氧化碳和二氧化硫的排放量.     

《光机系统设计》（原书第3版）

内容简介：共分4个部分15章：第一部分是阐述光机系统总的设计概念,包括第一章的光机设计过程,第二章的环境影响和第三章材料的光机特性;第二部分是透射式光机系统的设计,包括第四章单透镜的安装和固定,第五章多透镜的安装,第六章光窗和滤光片的安装和第七章棱镜的安装设计;第三部分是反射式光机系统的设计,包括第八章小型非金属反射镜、光栅和胶片的设计与安装,     

Plasmon-induced absorption in stacked metamaterials based on phase retardation

In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption （EIA） is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metamaterial consisting of a short metal strip （which acts as a bright resonator） and a long metal strip （acting as a dark resonator）, which has been reported to support the electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT） effect. The transition from EIA to EIT can be clearly observed in the absorbance spectra via varying the vertical spacing between two resonant oscillators. With the help of the coupled two-oscillator model, the phase shift between the bright and dark resonance modes is calculated by fitting the simulated absorbance spectra, which reveals the physical mechanisms behind constructive and destructive interference effects in EIT/EIA metamaterials.     

CO_2化学吸收技术的模拟及环境影响评价

本文采用二乙醇胺(DEA)作为化学吸收剂,通过流程模拟工具Aspen plus对电厂烟道气的CO_2捕集过程进行模拟,分析各个关键参数对系统性能的影响。最后利用MATLAB软件构建了三种模型,对CO_2捕集技术的环境影响进行评价。结论表明:升高吸收溶液温度会减少DEA溶剂损失,降低再沸器热负荷,不过提高溶液温度会消耗额外的能量;当吸收溶液质量分数为0.25时,再沸器消耗的等效功最少;在轮船运输场景下,当泄漏因子取0.05时,其有效排放因子大于参考电厂的排放因子,CCS技术在减缓气候变暖中不会起到作用.     

沉桩对周围环境的影响及防护措施

结合工程具体实例，介绍沉桩对周围环境的影响及防护措施并进行了效果分析。     

能源利用的环境影响评价指标的统一化研究

目前采用的污染物排放浓度控制标准与企业对社会的贡献(产品产量)无关,因此无法区分不同污染源的本质差别,必然导致稀释排放,这一现状显然不能适应经济可持续发展的要求。本文在统一化能源利用评价体系的架构下,对能源利用的环境影响评价指标的统一化问题进行了深入的分析研究,初步建立了能源利用的绩效性指标体系,可用于能源利用的环境影响或环境效益的定量分析,并提供了案例分析。