FTIR和ESR法研究离聚体溶液中的离子相互作用

磺化乙丙三元共聚物(SEPDM)离聚体在二甲苯/5％正己醇混合溶剂中具有特异的粘浓关系和粘温关系,估计是由于金属离子被己醇溶剂化而影响离子间相互作用引起的,但尚未有更多的实验数据加以验证.本文用FTIR和ESR方法对SEPDM离聚体溶液作进一步考察,发现金属离子与己醇确实存在溶剂化效应,溶剂化程度与离子的大小、浓度和温度有关,它直接影响离子在溶液中存在的状态(单离子或离子聚集体),这些结果为从分子水平了解离聚体溶液性质提供了理论根据.用波谱方法研究离聚体溶液中的离子相互作用尚鲜见报道.     

PA1010／丁基橡胶磺酸盐共混体系组分间相互作用和体系相容…

ＰＡ１０１０／丁基橡胶磺酸锌盐共混体系的ＤＳＣ、ＦＴＩＲ、固体ＮＭＲ结果表明两组份之间存在强的相互作用，ＤＭＡ结果表明随锌盐的比例增加，两组份相容性增加，并生产混合新相。ＰＡ１０１０／丁基橡胶磺酸钠盐共混体系中两组份之间的相互作用不明显，相容性较差。ＳＥＭ结果与上述结果完全吻合。     

有机铵盐对FC-SAA表面活性及溶度的影响

测定了一系列有机铵盐与一种全氟烷磺酸盐１：１混合体系水 溶液的表面张力，由此研究有机铵盐对碳氟表面活性剂表面活性及溶度的影响，导出应用于此种混合体系的Ｇｉｂｂｓ吸附公式，并讨论了混合体系中两表面活性组分的表面分子相互作用和表面层的结构。     

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF LIGNIN BY MEANS OF ION EXCHANGE PROCESS

The effect of resin structure on desalination of lignin solution was investigated,the optimal structure of resin is as follows;cross linking degree as 4%,ratio of cationogen to anionogen is near 1.with such resin the desalination of lignin was produced very well because the resin has both molecule sieving and ion retardation properties.The sulfonation degress of lignin and total salt content of lignin solution were determinred with ion exchange technique,the relative error less than 1%.The salt content of small molecule in the lignin solution was calculated from sulfonation degree of lignin and total salt.Among gel and macroporous resins the best separation of lignin from reducing sugar was achieved with interpenetrating sulfonated resin 2×1.5×1.The separation of lignin with interpenetrating resin was carried out simultaneously with fractionation of lignin,the effect of fractionation with macroporous sulfonated resin is better than that with interpenetrating resin,but the former has a definite sorption of lignin which decreased the recovery of lignin.     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFONATED POLY（ARYLENE ETHER） CONTAINING TRIPHENYL METHANE MOIETIES FROM ISOCYNATE MASKED BISPHENOL

A novel sulfonated poly（arylene ether） containing triphenylmethane moieties was synthesized by the sulfonation of a designed parent polymer using chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonation agent. The sulfonation took place at the para position of the pendant phenyl rings because of the specially designed parent polymer. The position and degree of sulfonation were characterized by ^1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The sulfonated polymers are highly soluble in common organic solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide, N,N＇-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and can be readily cast into tough and smooth films from solutions. The films showed good thermal and hydrolysis stabilities. Moreover, Fenton＇s reagent test revealed that the films exhibited superior stability to oxidation. The proton conductivities of the films were comparable with Nation 117 under same conditions. The membrane electrode assembly （MEA） prepared with the asmade film （706 EW, 100 μm dry thickness） shows better cell performance than Nation 115-MEA in the whole current density range.     

聚丙烯酰胺对石油磺酸盐／正丁醇混合胶束体系流变性的影响

研究了一定矿化度下，不同分子量、不同水解度的聚丙烯酰胺对石油磺酸盐／正丁醇混合胶事体系的流型、粘度等充变性质的影响。     

“拟双子”阴离子表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的分子动力学模拟

采用全原子分子动力学模拟方法研究了壬基酚取代的系列烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的微观聚集行为,通过分析界面厚度、界面生成能和界面张力以及表面活性剂分子与水分子之间的径向分布函数和配位数,讨论了不同磺烷基链长度对壬基酚基取代烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂界面性质的影响.结果表明,磺烷基链长为12时,表面活性剂的界面张力最低,界面厚度和界面生成能最大.     

木质素磺酸盐的分离提纯

以粗木质素磺酸钠为原料, 采用树脂法、超滤法、长链胺法和溶剂萃取法对其进行了提纯. 红外光谱、元素分析、凝胶渗透色谱等测试结果表明, 溶剂萃取法不能达到提纯目的; 树脂法、超滤法、长链胺法可除去相对分子量小于1000的杂质, 粗木质素磺酸钠经提纯后木质素磺酸钠的质量分数从59.0%提高到90%左右, 且提纯产品的重均分子量和数均分子量均增大, 分子量分布更均一. 从产品收率、提纯效果及提纯工艺等3方面分析表明, 长链胺法除糖效果最好, 提纯后糖含量下降了50%; 超滤法的收率最高, 可达31%, 且其提纯产品的重均分子量较高, 达到12000, 比粗木钠提高了1倍以上.     

毛竹化学成分光谱分析的快速建模方法研究

研究了毛竹综纤维素和木质素含量近红外光谱定量分析方法的建立。选用不同竹龄、纵向和横向部位的54个竹材粉末样品,用湿化学方法测定其综纤维素和木质素含量。在综纤维素和木质素含量的分布范围内,从低值、中间值和高值中挑选11个代表性样品,11个样品按预定比例混合得到21个混合样品,混合样品的综纤维素和木质素含量计算得到,再挑选22个目标成分含量不同的样品组成54个样品的校正集。用偏最小二乘法分别建立样品综纤维素含量、木质素含量和近红外漫发射光谱之间的相关模型。结果表明,综纤维素含量的预测模型的相关系数(R_p)为0.92,标准偏差(SEP)为1.04％;木质素含量的预测模型的R_p为0.93,SEP为0.91％,与常规方法建立的模型预测精度相似。说明利用样品混合的方式可快速增加校正集样品的数量、改善校正集样品的分布状况,继而建立稳定可靠的近红外定量分析模型。