山东省2008年数学中考试题

(含超量题满分120分,考试时间120分钟)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是正确的,请把正确的选项选出     

分析化学有效数字教学中常见问题及分析

Analytical chemistry often involves a large amount of experimental data, and the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results are related to whether the original data can be properly recorded and calculated. In this paper, starting from the importance of significant figures, analyzing the frequently encountered problems related to the significant figures in teaching process, and giving some solutions, we try to help students to learn and master the concept of significant figures, rounding off numerical values, rule of operation and data processing.     

FORTRAN语言双精度运算的扩展应用

本文利用ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ语言中不同类型变量的性质及数运算的特点，讨论了一种能将双精度实数运算扩展到整数运算中的方法，使整数运算也能得到接近双精度实数所具有的有效位数的整型结果。     

DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO COUPLED PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC THERMOELASTICITY

An efficient numerical approach for the general thermomechanical problems was developed and it was tested for a two-dimensional thermoelasticity problem. The main idea of our numerical method is based on the reduction procedure of the original system of PDEs describing coupled thermomechanical behavior to a system of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) where the stress-strain relationships are treated as algebraic equations. The resulting system of DAEs was then solved with a Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) using a fully implicit algorithm. The described procedure was explained in detail, and its effectiveness was demonstrated on the solution of a transient uncoupled thermoelastic problem, for which an analytical solution is known, as well as on a fully coupled problem in the two-dimensional case.     

分光计相关实验中有效数字的处理办法

根据分光计的仪器误差,讨论了相关实验结果的有效数字取舍问题．     

分光计实验中误差和有效数字的运算问题

讨论分光计实验中,涉及三角函数运算的情况下,其误差的计算和有效数字位数的确定。     

有效数字在环境监测中的应用

对实验中常用的玻璃量具如单标线吸管、容量瓶、比色管、刻度吸管等进行分析,确定了直读式数据的读数规则及有效位数。如10mL单标线吸管有效数字位数为5位,而10mL刻度吸管随移取溶液体积不同其有效数字位数可能为2,3或4位。分析了环境监测中间接式数据的来源,如标准溶液的浓度、标准曲线的截距、斜率、样品最终浓度等,这些数据应当遵守一定的修约及运算规则,由此确定了间接式数据应当保留合理的有效位数。研究结果可以为环境监测人员开展实验及数据处理提供依据。     

设计系列化学实验优化化学实验教学的研究和实践

在化学实验教学中,结合现代教育理论,探讨了“阶梯式”、“精深式”、“激趣式”和“创新式”系列化学实验的设计,以支持和促进学生的学习,努力构建一种从实验中连贯建构知识意义的教学过程,提高化学实验教学的有效性。     

浅谈物理实验中的准确度与精密度

物理学是一门以实验为基础的科学，测量一个物理量必须使用测量仪器。各种测量都会涉及两个基本概念：精密度和准确度．在物理实验里，一个测量要怎样做才能测得精密？哪些因素影响实验仪器的精密度？有效数字怎样反映精密的程度？量具仪表的精度又有何含义？本文结合实验误差理论，从测量及常用量具仪表方面谈谈物理实验中的准确度与精密度的概念。