原子团簇的稳定结构和幻数

原子团簇介于原子分子和宏观凝聚物质之间 ,一般产生于非平衡条件 ,其结构和性质随所含原子数目而变化。当含有某些特定原子数时 ,团簇特别稳定 ,这就是“幻数”。本文重点讨论几种典型团簇的幻数及其演变规律 ,说明“幻数”是团簇的基本属性之一及其与键合方式的关系     

相对论平均场理论对Se，Kr，Sr和Zr同位素链形状共存的系统研究

在约束形变的相对论平均场理论下,用NL3参数组系统地研究了Se,Kr,Sr和Zr四个同位素链中的偶-偶核,理论计算的基态束缚能和实验值符合得非常好.通过对这些核的位能曲面的分析,发现在此区域内有着丰富的形状共存现象,系统地指出可能存在形状共存现象的原子核,并且进一步指出在这些核的位能曲面上两个能量极小点的能量差.另外通过对位能曲面以及单中子能级的研究,提出在此区域内N＝70可能是一个中子幻数. 关键词： 形状共存 相对论平均场 位能曲面 幻数     

用杨立铭方法估算大于126的幻数

采用 Woods- Saxon形成的密度函数 ,按照杨立铭方法以及稍微修改的方法进行估算都得出 ,紧接126的幻数应该接近于184.Based on Fermi Yang Liming method and its improved method, magic numbers were calculated by using Woods Saxon density function. That the magic number next to 126 should be 184 was predicted.     

原子核第一激发能的统计规律

原子核的第一激发态能级是所有激发态能级中最重要的一条能级,在一定程度上可直接反映该核素的稳定性。通过对2 125个核素的第一激发态能级纲图进行统计分析,发现传统幻数位置的第一激发能明显高于邻近核素的第一激发能,亦对应于同位素链、同中子素链上原子核第一激发能最大的核素。对于第一激发能较大且明显偏离传统幻数位置的少量核素,发现都具有同质异位素相似态或为裂变核的混合能级,这些给出的值是否是第一激发态,在理论和实验上仍存在一定的不确定性;而对于原子核第一激发能最大的核素,其自旋宇称为2+的最多（高达42%）。对于中重核区内的偶偶核,其第一激发能与价核子N_pN_n关系明显趋于指数的衰减形式。     

香港大学在束伽玛谱学研究与新一代伽玛探测器阵列(英文)

探索原子核的壳层演化,验证奇特核的幻数结构是香港大学核物理研究的重要方向。目前,科研团队利用在束伽玛谱学技术已经研究了30Ne的N=20幻数消失和78Ni（Z=28,N=50）附近原子核的双幻数结构,而即将开展的53,56Ca在束伽玛谱学实验会对新幻数N=34的定量研究,以及到N=40核的壳层演化提供重要的数据。下一步的研究目标是探索100Sn（N=Z=50）的奇特结构,特别是研究它的第一个2+激发态与其邻近原子核的低激发态性质。100Sn处于质子滴线以及核天体快质子俘获路径上,因此,它的幻数结构及其临近原子核单粒子性能研究将会极大增强对核力和核合成机制的认识。为了进一步提高物理实验统计,香港大学在数量上增加了30% NaI（Tl）晶体从而全面升级了DALI2伽玛探测阵列。此外,为了探索远离稳定线核区的新物理,开展更高精度在束伽玛谱学实验,香港大学与中国科学院近代物理研究所、中国原子能科学研究院计划合作研制基于溴化镧晶体的新一代伽玛探测器阵列。这套阵列主要在兰州重离子加速器（HIRFL）和将来建成的强流重离子加速器（HIAF）等大科学装置上开展实验,从而在奇特核研究方面取得大量重要的成果,促进科研人员全面认识、理解核力以及天体核合成过程。Exploring the evolution of shell closures and examining the magicity of extremely exotic nuclei are the main research interests of HKU (University of Hong Kong) experimental nuclear physics group. The group has employed in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy technique to investigate the vanishing of N=20 magicity in 30Ne (N=20) and the strong magicity in nuclei around 78Ni (Z=28, N=50). The approved future's experiment on spectroscopy of 53,56Ca, proposed by HKU, will give quantitative information for the "magic index" of N=34 and shell evolution toward N=40. The next goal is to investigate the structure of 100Sn (N=Z=50), particularly the energy of the first 2+ state, and the low-lying states in the neighboring nuclei. 100Sn lies on the proton drip-line and on the astrophysical rp-process path. Characterizing the magicity of 100Sn and the nature of single-particle states in its neighboring nuclei is therefore essential to the fundamental understanding of nuclear forces and nucleo-synthesis. To significantly increase the data statistics for our physics goals, HKU group has prepared the upgrade of gamma-ray spectrometer DALI2 with 30% more NaI(Tl) detectors integrated into a new array configuration. On the other hand, next significant insights into the structure of nuclei would require new gamma-ray detection array capable for higher precision gamma-ray spectroscopy. HKU group in collaboration with IMP and CIAE therefore proposes to construct a new-generation gamma-ray detection array based on the novel scintillator LaBr₃(Ce) to explore the new physics in nuclei far from the valley of stability. Utilizing the radioactive beams at the Chinese large-scale facilities such as the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) in IMP and the future's High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), this novel LaBr₃(Ce) array would lead to a significant boost to the frontiers of exotic-nuclei research, which will guide scientists towards the comprehensive and even beyond-traditional understanding of nuclear forces and nucleosynthesis.     

基于相对论Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov近似的新幻数研究（英文）

基于相对论Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov （RHFB） 近似分别探索了质量-电荷极限下的超重元素与极端中质比下的奇特原子核中的新幻数问题。研究结果表明,赝自旋对称性的守恒和破缺与超重核区球形幻数结构的形成密切相关,并分别决定了中子与质子的新幻数结构。同时,理论模型之间的差异也与之密切相关。在中重奇特核区,RHFB近似很好地再现了Ca 同位素中的新幻数N = 32,34,其中同位旋矢量道中洛伦兹张量耦合扮演了较为关键的角色。以此为例,研究证明了显式考虑交换（Fock） 项的RHFB 近似的可靠性。Recent applications of the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (RHFB) approach in exploring the new magicities under extreme conditions are presented for the superheavy elements with the limits of mass and charge and for the exotic nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios. It is found that the emergence of new magic shells in superheavy region is tightly related to the restoration and violation of pseudo-spin symmetry, respectively for the neutron and proton ones, in which the model deviations are indicated and discussed. In medium-heavy exotic nuclei, the occurrence of new magicity N = 32, 34 in Ca isotopes is well reproduced by the RHFB approach, in which the isovector Lorentz tensor couplings are found to play an essential role. The results exemplify that the RHFB approach, which considers the exchange (Fock) terms explicitly, furnishes a new theoretical instrument for advancing relativistic nuclear mean-field approaches.     

反转岛附近原子核奇特性质研究进展

反转岛附近原子核奇特性质的研究是当前核物理研究的热点。 首先简要回顾和介绍了反转岛附近原子核奇特性质的实验进展, 然后介绍了对这些奇特核性质的理论研究进展。 主要包括相对论平均场模型、 壳模型、 Hartree Fock模型和宏观 微观模型在该区域的发展和研究结果。 重点介绍了宏观 微观模型在反转岛附近原子核奇特性质研究中的进展。 此外, 还分析和比较了各种理论模型在描述反转岛附近原子核性质上取得的成功和模型之间的差异。     

Estimating Magic Numbers Larger Than 126 by Fermi—Yang Liming Method

The Fermi-Yang Liming method is followed and developed to estimate new magic numbers in nuclei with a Woods-Saxon density function.The calculated results predict that the magic number next to 126 should be around 184 and 258.     

丰中子轻核新幻数N=16的解释(英文)

基于中子分离能的分析 ,Ozawa等提出丰中子轻核存在新幻数 N=1 6.对 N=1 6同中子素进行了形变和球形的相对论平均场计算 .相对论平均场的数值结果表明N=1 6同中子素有形状相变.这是一些丰中子核新幻数出现的可能原因. Based on the analysis of neutron-separation energies, Ozawa et al proposed a new magic number N =16 in light neutron-rich nuclei. The deformed and spherical relativistic mean-field(RMF) calculations have been carried out for N =16 isotones. The numerical relativistic mean-field results show there is a shape transition in N =16 isotones. This is the possible cause of the appearance of the new magic number in someneutron-rich nuclei.     

Alpha Decay,Shell Structure,and New Elements

We systematically analyze the experimental data of alpha decay in even-even heavy nuclei far from stability and find that the Geiger-Nuttall law brea~s for an isotopic chain when its neutron number is across a marc number or there is a deformed subshell. This break can be used to identify new magic numbers of superheavy nuclei. It is also discovered that there is a new linear relation between the logarithm of half-life and the reciprocal of the square root of decay energy for N = 126 and N = 152 isotones. It could be a new law of alpha decay for nuclei with magic neutron numbers but the physics behind it is to be explored. The significance of these researches for the search of new elements is discussed.